International Peace And Security Presented by: Prof. Novokmet Date: 22 April 2022 International Cooperation As A Precondition For Peace And Security - After the end of the World War II - maintenance of international peace and security became the principal goal of the international community - Precondition for the establishment of peace - development of friendly - Relations, international cooperation between states, respect for fundamental principles of international law • Institutionalization of bilateral, regional and global cooperation (political, diplomatic, legal, economic, military mechanisms) - The United Nations, the NATO, the OSCE - Efficiency in the modern age? The United Nations (UN) - UN Charter, 1945 Preamble, Article 1, Article 2, Chapter VI, Chapter VII, Chapter VIII - Primary purpose: to maintain international peace and security and settle international disputes by peaceful means - Institutional framework: • General assembly - Political effect of recommendations? - Confirmation and strengthening of international legal order - Security Council • Efficiency of enforcement measures provided by Chapter VII? reform of the Security Council? - International Court Of Justice • Can judgements of the ICJ make a positive influence on the creation of firm foundations for long-lasting peace? - Other organs and subsidiary bodies e.g. ECOSOC, ad hoc international tribunals, Human Rights Council, High Commissioner for Human Rights... The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - North-Atlantic Treaty, 1949 - Political and military component: • Promotion of democratic values, international cooperation, peaceful dispute resolution • Crisis-management operations Article 5 of the Washington Treaty (collective defense clause - relation with Article 51 of the UN Charter) - Legality of NATO interventions? - Contribution of Central European States to NATO security operations - • Prevention of crises • Stabilization of post-conflict situations • Collaboration with other international organizations New threats to international peace and security • Migration crises • Terrorist attacks • Cyber-attacks • Trans-national illegal activities • Natural disasters, climate change The Organization For Security And Co-Operation In Europe (OSCE) - Helsinki Final Act, 1975-commitment to respect the following principles: • Sovereign equality • Obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force • Inviolability of frontiers • Territorial integrity of states • Peaceful settlement of disputes • Non-intervention in internal affairs • Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms • Self-determination of peoples • Inter-state cooperation • Fulfilment in good faith of international obligations under international law • Significance of the OSCE in the process of the formation of new States after the end of the Cold War • Support in the development and proper functioning of independent democratic institutions and the rule of law, implementation of human and minority rights, conflict prevention and resolution, countering terrorism • Human dimension mechanisms sufficient international pressure on governments? CONCLUDING REMARKS - International legal order and international peace and security can be preserved efficiently and permanently only within the framework of international organizations on a universal and regional level - Significance of monitoring mechanisms of international organizations harmonization of states' policies and practice with the international legal framework - Current situation in Europe test for the international community and the international legal order that was built after the WW II?