Unit 2: The Integumentary System

Unit 2 The Integumentary System Learning Outcomes the integumentary system •Define the terminology pertinent to the anatomy & physiology of the system. •Using correct terminology, identify the structural (anatomic) components of the system and describe their significance to the structure/system. •Explain the function (physiology) of the components of the system. •Using correct terminology, list and describe the steps in significant functional processes of this system and explain the significance of these functions to the system and to the body as a whole. •Demonstrate an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the system through application to clinical examples. NEED TO KNOW FUNCTIONS OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM DIAGRAM QUIZ ON GOODNOTES The Integumentary System Cutaneous Membrane ● Consists of 2 layers: Epidermis & Dermis Epidermis •Composed of stratified squamous epithelium •Avascular •Contains four specialized cell types: - Keratinocytes – contribute to skin thickness and strength - Melanocytes – contribute melanin (pigment) - Merkel cells – help with sensation - Langerhans cells – function in the immune response •Further classified as thin skin or thick skin depending on the number of layers in the epidermis specialized cells of the epidermis The Epidermis: PICTURE QUIZ ON GOODNOTES Clinical Consideration: The Epidermis & Fluid Loss https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/blisters Dermis •Lies below the epidermis and is attached to underlying subcutaneous tissue •Contains network of blood vessels and nerve fibers •Contains collagen & elastic fibers (for strength & flexibility) •Composed of 2 layers of connective tissue: 1.Papillary layer (superficial dermis) 2.Reticular layer (deep dermis) Subcutaneous Layer •Also called hypodermis or superficial fascia •Consists primarily of adipose tissue •Stabilizes position of skin relative to underlying tissues (while allowing for movement) •Distribution of subcutaneous fat impacted by developmental stage and sex hormones •Blood vessels Pigmentation •Melanin •Carotene •UV Radiation Clinical Application: Alterations in Pigmentation •Impact of blood flow and oxygenation •Vitiligo •Jaundice (a buildup of bile produced by the liver) •Pituitary tumors Accessory Structures 1.Hair 2.Exocrine Glands 3.Nails Hair •Hairs are non-living structures produced by hair follicles •Functions: - Cushion - Protection - Insulation - Sensation (root hair plexus) Exocrine Glands Two types of exocrine glands: 1.Sebaceous glands - Oily lipid secretion called sebum - Question: What is the function of sebum? 2.Sweat glands (aka sudoriferous glands) - Apocrine sweat glands - Eccrine sweat glands FILLED OUT ON GOODNOTES**** REVIEWW Eccrine Sweat Glands Primary functions: - Regulation of body temperature (cooling) Excretion of water & electrolytes Protection Nails •Keratinized epidermal cells •Protect the exposed tips of fingers and toes •Grows from the nail root, through the nail body, to a free edge •Question: What can fingernails tell us about an individual’s overall health? - Examples of clinically significant changes: pallor, cyanosis, clubbing Consider this…. •How does aging impact the integumentary system? •Why does the nurse need to be aware of these changes? External Resources: integumentary system overview skin glands nail structure (probably don’t need to know but doesn’t hurt to review) Readings: - Chapter 5 (pp. 153 - 173) Mastering AP: - Dynamic study modules - Practice questions (go to chapter, practice tests) - Questions in the textbook Can also draw Look at registerednursern questions integumentary system quiz skin glands quiz