University:
University of Cambridge
Course:
0625 IGCSE | Physics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

143

Pages:

2
Author:

Deddy A.

13.7 Waves a propagating disturbance that carries E & momentum w/o any particles physically moving betw. 2 points Types of Waves Traveling waves, one pulse Transverse waves. - oscillation is the direction the wave is travelling in The shape of the pulse is approximately unchanged as it travels to the right. Transverse wave Any element P (black dot) on the rope moves in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave motion (red arrows). Figure 13.21 A hand moves the end of a stretched string up and down once (red arrow), causing a pulse to travel along the string. Longitudinal waves (sound waves) oscillations happen in the same direction as the wave is waving (parallel) As the hand pumps back and forth, compressed regions alternate stretched regions both in space and time. Compressed www Stretched Compressed Stretched Longitudinal wave Describing Oscillations speed 1-0 speed of physical string AN AA Figure 13.26 One method for producing travelling waves on a continuous string. The left end of the string is connected to a blade that is set vibrating. Every part of the string, such as point P, oscillates vertically with simple harmonic motion. TIME DEPENDENCE at fixed x: Every small segment of the string at fixed position x can be treated as a simple harmonic oscillator, with A, T, f, along the y-axis, y(x,t) Amplitude: A Maximum distance from equilibrium position. Period: T Time is taken for one oscillation. Frequency: f Number of oscillations per second. Wave pattern along x Wavelength: A Distance, A, between two successive points that behave identically. (distance between maxima) Wave speed: v Speed, v, at which a particular part of the wave pattern (a crest) moves through the medium or along the string. (v is given by the product of the wave frequency, f, and wavelength, A.) We can also write proportional? Transverse Wave One wavelength Amplitude Crest Direction of travel Trough