Week 10b Worksheet

Week 10b Worksheet Paradise Lost Book IX, The Temptation and Fall (And Books X-XII as well, through the climax and to the end of the epic) 35 points possible Name: Kiara Gothe CHANGE, like we did in the first weeks: submit ENTIRE worksheet with answers. Because of so many “fill in the blanks,” this method will be easier for you all. Please use colored font for answers, like you used to do. A. Epic Conventions Page (Moodle) Audio at top of page is optional: “Good Student Presentation” (You might turn it on and listen to it in the background while cutting and pasting the required info onto this sheet.) 1a. Definition provided for “Epic” Genre Copy and paste it here A book-length narrative poem written in the high style about a serious subject of national importance. The actions of the god-like hero affect the outcome of his countrymen, his race or humanity in general. The subject matter is often taken from legendary materials. The first Anglo-Saxon example is Beowulf, written in Old English requiring translation for readers today. 1b. Three Classical Epics (“Classical” means "Antiquity") that is ancient Greek and Roman Copy and paste the three examples here: • • • The Iliad (in Greek) by Homer The Odyssey (in Greek) by Homer The Aeneid (in Latin) by Virgil 1c. Three English Epics Copy and paste the three examples here: • • • Faerie Queene (1590) by Spencer P aradise Lost (1667) by Milton Don Juan (1821) by Byron (a romantic period rhyming mock epic and hilarious) 2. Epic Conventions – Fill in five blanks below: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Opening question stating the theme or "cause," the “praeposito” Singing, narrator says, “I sing” (rather than “I write”), pointing to oral tradition Invocation to muse(s) at the beginning or beginning of several books/cantos. ____In medias res________ begins “in the middle of things” with hero at his nadir (low point). Plot proceeds by means of flashback, “analepse,” to fill in background ____National important hero_____________: founding, valorous, courageous, super-human Enumeratio or ___catalogues_________(lists): genealogies, objects, characters, places Descriptive passages, ___long___, tangential, filled with epic similes Epithets and Kennings: stock phrases repeated such as the personification: “rosy-fingered dawn” and the metaphorical description, “the wine-dark sea” Detailed Descriptions of the hero’s weapons such as Achilles’ shield Elevated style and erudite or Latinate diction, fancy word choices “Epic” similes (that means extended and extensive) Twelve book structures, often called “cantos” Discursive monologues Journey to the underworld ___Gods_____ are involved in plot Note from bottom of worksheet pasted here for your pre-view: Final Question: After all this reading (and nothing else in the semester will be ANYWHERE NEAR this long or difficult!) What is your personal take on the debate? Would you say Paradise Lost is pro-empire or anti-empire? Super short answer is fine. (like “pro” or “anti” – but be ready to support your claim in a final exam essay.) My take on the debate would be that it’s interesting and makes you look at it in different perspectives. I would say Paradise Lost is pro-empire due to the to the rulings of some of the characters. B. Paradise Lost Book IX, The Temptation and Fall, New Resource: Youtube Audio Scrolling Text. Another helpful supplement to our textbook edition. Clips from these audio recordings are linked in the questions that follow (See first audio link below). As you read the selected passages from Book IX and watch, read and listen to passages provided, make notes in your text, fill in the blanks, and answer the questions, continue to think specifically about Milton’s characterization of both Eve and Satan. One of the most eminent Milton scholars living, Professor Paul Stevens of Queens College in Canada, wants readers to keep in mind the biblical injunction to colonize in Genesis: “And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth” (Genesis i.28) Recall in Book VIII, Milton’s God says to Adam, amplifying this biblical text: Not only these fair bounds, but all the Earth To thee and to thy Race I give; as Lords Possess it, and all things that therein live, Or live in Sea, or Aire, Beast, Fish, and Fowle. In signe whereof each Bird and Beast behold After thir kindes; I bring them to receave From thee thir Names, and pay thee fealtie With low subjection (VIII, 338-45) Satan returns to Eden and expresses his thirst for revenge. Textbook: Open to Book IX and follow along with audio. (IX: 97-192) (5 min.) and follow along textbook. Audio with scrolling text: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eppoVdTajnE Skip to min. 7:30 (line 97) (5 min.) Satan sees the Snake, “but first from inward griefe / His bursting passion into (com)plaints thus pour’d: (IV:98) 3a. Satan opens his speech with another apostrophe, “O ____earth_______, how like to Heaven, if not preferred” (IV:99) Yet I cannot find a refuge anywhere on Earth… 3b. But I don’t plan to dwell here, just hope to destroy things here, all that God created “in six days.” “____Revenge_______, at first though sweet, / Bitter ere long back on it self recoiles;” (IX: 171-172) Satan plots against God’s new creation, man. He the serpent, enters into its mouth while it’s sleeping (IX: 179-192) Eve & Adam discuss their labors and the threat (IX:205ff) Eve proposes to Adam that they tend the garden separately: “but till more hands / Aid us, the work under our labour grows, / Luxurious by restraint; what we by day / Lop overgrown, or prune, or prop, or bind, / One night or two with wanton growth derides / Tending to wilde.” (IX: 207-212) “Let us divide our labours” (IX:214) “Our day’s work brought to little … and t’hour of supper comes unearned” IX:219) Professor Stevens, Part 3, summarized here: Stevens argues, “Their struggle to cultivate the wilderness is, as in any other early modern colonial romance, a metonym for the struggle toward civility. Implicit in Adam’s response to Eve’s plan to divide their labors is the suggestion that she has overemphasized the vehicle at the expense of the tenor, the garden at the expense of the civility it is meant to convey: “Yet not so strictly hath our Lord impos’d / Labor” (IX, 235-6) so as to debar them from the daily delights of civil intercourses—“whether food, or talk between, ‘ Food of the mind, or this sweet intercourses/ Of Looks and smiles, for smiles from Reason flow”(IX, 237-3). Adam expresses fear of danger in separation (IX:226-270): “for thou knowst / What hath bin warn’d us, what malicious Foe / Envying our happiness, and of his own / Despairing, seeks to work us woe and shame / By sly assault” (IX: 252-256) Eve expresses offense that he mistrusts her (270-) Adam “with healing words” replies (290-) Eve, won’t take no for an answer, “If this be our condition,” how can we call ourselves "happy" if we are forced to be constrained and living in fear? And how can we claim to be "faithful" if our virtue is never tested? C. Video: now change, mid-scene, to Dr. Smith’s actors in their last scene: Eve continues to convince Adam that they should work separately (5 min. total, intro and scene) Dr. Nigel Smith introduces the dramatic scene, Skip to min. 1:33:30-1:34:45 (1 min.) Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IskEx0tgoo4&t=25s 4. What does Dr. Smith say in the introduction to this scene that either i) supports his claim regarding Milton’s superiority or ii) supports his claim that the epic is about love? He says that eve goes with Adam and is implying that you can resist Satan. Also talking about compromising the free will of eve and that eve is obeying the superiority. Eve continues her argument: Starts at 1:34:45 “And what is Faith, Love, Vertue unassiad?” (IX:335-392) In other words, what good is it for us to be virtuous if we’re never tried or tested? It good because it shows your good characteristics and gives you a good reputation or look on oneself. 5a. When Adam first replies, what does he say? “Oh, woman best are all things as will of God ordained them. His creating hand…..:” 5b. What does he say in this speech about “free will”? He says it that if obey one receives free will, that was giving to by God. Finally, Adam reluctantly gives in to Eve’s request (342-), saying, "Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more." (372-) Eve responds happily “With thy permission, then, and thus forewarned”; they separate (376-) Narrator: She left like Diana, but not with a bow and quivers but instead with gardening tools. “Thus saying, and from her husband’s and her hand she withdrew.” D. Continue Reading in Textbook: (IX:404-411) Narrator gives a beautiful and very sad statement about Eve and her upcoming action. 6a and 6b. Fill in blanks in bold below: “O much deceiv’d, much failing, hapless Eve, / Of thy presum’d return! Event perverse! Thou never from that hour in Paradise” Found’st either sweet repast, or sound repose; Such ambush hid among sweet Flow’rs and Shades Waited with hellish rancor imminent To intercept thy way, or send thee back 6a. Despoil’d of ____innocence______, of ____faith____, of __bliss______ (IV: 404-411) The Serpent “sought them both, but wish’d his hap might find / Eve separate (421-422) Upon finding Eve, he takes so much pleasure in her beauty that he almost forgets his evil: “Such Pleasure took the Serpent to behold This Flow’ry Plat, the sweet recess of Eve Thus early, thus alone; her Heav’nly form Angelic, but more soft, and Feminine, Her graceful Innocence her every Air Of gesture or least action overaw’d His Malice, and with rapine sweet bereav’d His fierceness of the fierce intent it brought: That space of Evil one abstracted stood From his own evil, and for the time remain’d Stupidly good, of enmity disarm’d, 6b. Of __guile___, of ___hate____, of _envy_____, of __revenge____; (IX:466) But the hot Hell that always in him burns, Though in mid Heav’n, soon ended his delight, And tortures him now more, the more he sees Of pleasure not for him ordain’d: then soon Fierce hate he recollects, and all this thoughts Of mischief, gratulating, thus excites. (454-472) E. Textbook and Youtube Audio: (IX: 473-505) Satan as serpent approaches Eve (2 min.) Read the textbook footnotes for this section: “Carbuncle” (500), the color of the serpent’s eyes, is a word meaning red; the word also meant the sores on the skin that result from venereal disease. Read the serpent’s approach list as many other allusions sexuality as you can find, minimum 3. For more examples see not only IX:473-505 but also (IX: 510-530) 7a. “Fierce hate he recollects” 7b. “heroic built” 7c. “pleasing was his shape” Audio (IX: 531-732) Satan’s Temptation of Eve (12 min.) List three different rhetorical or psychological strategies Satan uses on Eve in the Temptation And provide an example of each: 8a. “A goddess amongst gods.” He’s trying to sweet talk her. 8b. “By gift and thy celestial beauty adore.” Trying to make her feel important and seen so he can manipulate her. 8c. “The first at least of these I thought denied.” Audio (IX: 744-915) Eve eats. (11 min.) Eve talks to the Tree, then eats. Immediately follows one of the most famous lines of the epic: “Earth felt the wound, and Nature from her seat Sighing through all her Works she gave signs of woe, that all was lost.” (IX: 782-4) 9a. “Earth felt the wound,” (782) is an example of what figure of thought or literary device? (Review question) Personification 9b. What is the example of alliteration is found in line 901? The same letter of words with D are being used frequently together. Continue: Audio (IX: 952-1185) Eve offers Adam the Fruit. Adam eats. (14 min.) The aftermath of lust, shame, and mutual accusation. Just as “Earth felt the wound” when Eve ate, once Adam eats, 10a. Earth _trembled_______ from her entrails, as again 10b. In pangs, and Nature _____gave a second groan; ____________ Sky low’r’d, and muttering Thunder, some sad drops Wept at completing of the mortal Sin / Original: (1000-1004) Next, lust, or “Carnal desire inflaming” (1013) “they thir fill of Love and Love’s disport / Took largely” (1043) Contrast the absence of lust in the Wedded love in the Garden of Eden. Stevens Pt. 3, summary of the audio clip you don’t have to listen to continued: As Stevens pointed out in Book IX, central Milton’s representation of the Fall is the collapse of civil society, of civilization, of civility. And when they lose civility, they realize that is what they desire to get back. Stevens has a twofold point: “first, that what is frustrated or deferred in Milton’s story of Adam and Eve is the desire for a culturally specific form of civility and the membership of the ideal, imagined community it signifies; and second, that this desire is the lack that most powerfully animates early modern colonial settlement at its most idealistic (12). He continues, “ideology in Paradise Lost my be most usefully approached through the discourse of civility” (12). Now they are ashamed (IX:1053-1100), they find the fig tree by which to clothe themselves. Stevens Pt. 3, end of section summarized: “If the implication of Adam and Eve in a colonial romance as deep rooted as I am suggesting, then one might expect their failure to be represented in terms of the ultimate colonial failure of civility, that is of “going native.” The fear that animates English colonial texts as diverse as Spenser’s View of Ireland, or Rolfe’s letter about his marriage to Pocahontas, is the fear of degeneration, of becoming savage, of being excluded from the civil community. And that is, of course, exactly the fate that overtakes Adam and Eve. In their fall, the first settlers are metamorphosed into Indians. The difference between guild and shame is the difference between moral failure on the one hand and social transgression and exclusion on the other. At their most intense moment of shame, Adam and Eve are excluded from the community into which they were born (14-15): “How shall I behold the face Henceforth of God or Angel,” (1080-1081) cries Adam “O might I here / In solitude live savage” (IX, 1084-5) In attempting to cover their ‘uncleanness’ with fig leaves, they only confirm their excluded, degenerate status: “O how unlike / To that first naked Glorie,” comments the narrator. Now in their shame they look like Native Americans: “Such of late / Columbus found th’American so girt / With feathered Cincture, naked else and wild / a Among the trees on Iles and Woodie shores” (IX, 1114-8). “…moral failure in Milton cannot be imagined in terms other than those of the failure of civility or community transgression. Adam and Eve have not only broken God’s commandment, but they have become the defining other of English or European culture. Covered with fig leaves, they imagine themselves back within the community--“Thus fenc’t, and as they thought, thir shame in part / Coverd” (IX, 1119-20)---when in fact they are still outside the fence, beyond the pale: “distempered,” “estrang’d,” “toss’t and turbulent” (IX, 1131, 1132, 1126)” (15) 11a. After shame, “Began to rise, high Passions, ___anger____, __hate______ ___mistrust_______, __suspicion________, ___discord_____ and shook sore Thir inward State of Mind, calm Region once And full of Peace, now toss’t and turbulent (IX: 1123-1126) 11b. “For Understanding rul’d not, and the Will Heard not her lore, both in subjection now To ____sensual appetite_____, who from beneath Usurping over sovran __reason______ claim’d Superior sway: From thus distember’d breast, Adam, estrange’d in look and alter’d style” thus spoke to Eve (IX, 1127-31). At the end of Book IX, Adam and Eve remain “in mutual accusation” (1187)…but neither “__self_____condemning.” (1188) 12. Expressed in modern terms, in what mental state are Adam and Eve at the end of this Book IX? Their mental state is that they come to known that their innocence has vanished after disobeying God and giving into satans tactics. F. Slide Show Paradise Lost Book X, Part 1 (14 min.) Slide shows posted in Moodle 13. What punishment does the Son of God give the Serpent? (3:00) Puts a curse on him and his cattle etc… 14. What is the Christian doctrine of the Protoevangelium? (3:30) Woman’s seed shall bruise thy head 15. What punishment does God the Son give Adam? (4:25) Gives him, a curse as well. 16. Meanwhile we find out the allegorical figures of Sin and Death come back into the narrative. After Adam and Eve have sinned is the only other time Milton uses allegory in the epic. What do they build, from where to where? A path from hell to a new world; bridge from earth to hell. 17. Satan is on his way back to Hell to tell his associates of his successes. Where does he tell Sin and Death go? And what does he tell them to do? Tells them to go to paradise; “Dwell and reign in bliss” Basically rule hell. 18. Fill in the blanks for Satan’s awesome line of iambic pentameter, addressing beings in Hell: “Thrones ___dominations________ , __princedoms__________ , __vertues____________ , ___powers_______.” G. Slide Show, Book X, Part 2 (8 min.) Slide shows posted in Moodle 19. Milton uses the epic convention of the catalog to describe what type of creatures in Book X? Mythical snakes, scorpion, Asp, amphisbaena, cerastes, Hydrus, ellops, dipsas, gorgon, dragon, python, serpent, and Megaera. 20. What is the mood of Adam and Eve in the last five lines of Book X? (min. 6:40) The mood of Adam and eve are they are being brought to their “judgement day.”; mood is pleading and in sorrow of forgiveness. 21. After God’s monologue, who else comes down from heaven to talk to them about their future and the future of all mankind (which covers the Old Testament history up to the time of Christ). Archangel Michael. 22. Considering what you learned about Satan in Books IX and X, please write one more original sentence to add to or change your earlier character study of him. (60+ words) no quote. To add to my character study on satan, I believe he is a representation of all the things evil. He’s the ruler of destruction, manipulation, and sorrow. His whole character is the same as before stated in the beginning on his character before. Also portraying himself to be an innocent victim so he can trick others. He has persuasive powers to make you think a bad thing is really good and won’t do any harm. Overall is just cunning and deceiving. H. Audio: Professor Stevens Pt. 4 (10 min.) Recording in Moodle 23. Opening line: The civility that Adam and Eve lose is precisely what? Milton himself cannot give up and it is a discourse so pervasive. 24. What did the English mean about the “fear of going native”? Two examples provided: b) fear of being degeneration; becoming savage. c) Being disclosed from civil community. 25. What counter argument does Stevens give? “The biggest reason that the epic would be antiempire is” – his concession to Prof. Quint and others who wrote that P.L. was against empire? Counter argument is that the poems closing and that it’s an act of public humiliation. 26-28. Three points possible. Take one quote from the second half of this Sevens summary, Part 4, (min. 5:00-10:00) and make and support a claim in response to that quote. (Quote plus 120+ words) You know I will be reading these! “It is true that Michael asks Adam to focus on obedience.” I feel as if Michael told Adam so he can stay on track and obey God. By Adam was slipping into the ways of the wicked because of eve giving into Satan, he saw that if she’s okay with it then it must be ok for them to do. Also portraying that he is sent to warn Adam before he is judged before God. Without Adam being able to focus on his obedience, he is headed right for the path of destruction. Therefore, even though the angel was sent its still up to Adam to decide what he wants to do for himself, choosing right or wrong. Somehow, he still went in the wrong direction and is faced with the consequences. This would be a perfect representation of something you know you not supposed to be doing and you were warned about it, but you still take matters into your own hands. Overall leading with Michael doing his part and Adam taking all the sources he was given and making a decision that’s either going to help him or break him. Summary of Books XI-XII, Handout in Moodle Read the Introduction on Handout: what do the Dartmouth University editors say about Books XI-XII in their Introduction? What is the significance of Enoch and the theory of the “One Just Man”? [Examples in biblical history: Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus] *Glosses of the place names in the text below were provided by the editors at The Milton Reading Room. Directed Reading for Book XI Adam and Eve, repentant, praying, Prevenient Grace “had removed the stonie from their hearts / and made new flesh Regenerate grow instead, that sighs now breath’d / Unutterable which the spirit of prayer inspired. (X:1-). The Son of God says, “See Father,” their contrition. The Son offers to die to pay for their sins. The Father accepts his offer but, he says, they have to leave the Garden and that they have lost their two gifts: Happiness and Immortality. Father says: “…denounce / To them and to thir Porgeny from thence / Perpetual banishment: (109), “Yet…all terror hide” (112). He can tell they’re sorry. So he tells Michael to “Dismiss them not disconsolate; reveal / To Adam what shall come in future days…” (114). Eve responds that she’s not worthy of being called “Mother of all Mankind” (159). Milton turns again to the form of personification called pathetic fallacy, in which something from the natural world feels the sentiments of the characters: “Nature first gave signs, imprest / On Birds, Beast, Air, Air suddenly eclips’d [darkened] / After short blush of morn…” (181-2) Michael tells Adam that he has come to “send thee from the Garden forth to till / The ground whence thou wast tak’n, fitter Soil” (261-2) Eve’s beautiful lament over banishment from native soil, with apostrophe addressing the place: “O unexpected stroke, worse than of Death! / Must I thus leave thee Paradise?” (269-285). The Archangel Michael consoles them: Remember, God is everywhere, not here only. “All th’Earth he gave thee to possess and rule, / No despicable gift;” (339-340) This was supposed to be “Perhaps thy Capital Seat, from whence had spred All generations, and hither come From all the ends of th’Earth, to celebrate And reverence thee thir great Progenitor.” (XI, 343-46) “But this preeminence thou has lost, brought down / To well on even ground now with thy Sons.” (343-4 and 347-80). Michael says that he is sent here to show you the good and the bad of the future, “supernal Grace contending / With sinfulness of men; thereby to learn / True patience, and to temper joy with fear / And pious sorrow, equally inur’d / By moderation either state to bear, / Prosperous or adverse” (361-4) “Ascend / This Hill: let Eve (for I have drench her eyes) / Here sleep below while thou to foresight wak’st, ? As once thou slep’st, while Shee to life was form’d. / To whom thus Adam gratefully repli’d. / Ascend, I follow thee…” (372) Michael takes Adam to mountain where he can see a representation of the future, first as a geographical representation of places on the globe and then as a projection of biblical history. I. Then after the catalogue of places to be conquered, Moodle Handout: “Geographical Catalogue” (Book XI, 388 and following) Open the Geographical Catalog, read only as much as you need to answer question 29. 29. In light of what Prof. Stevens has said, provide a brief comment on Milton’s use of the epic convention of long list or catalogue (60+ words) My comment on Milton’s catalogue is that is a good insight to how he breaks down the sections of the book. Also being that this is a good source to use if you wanted to get a different look on things. Saying that it basically outlines the basics of the book and how it is formatted. It’s a great reference to sum up the main points in the book and summarizes the important parts that need to be pointed out. Showing his perspective on how he views and retained the information from the book. Then Michael shows Adam the future, that is the effects of their sin, highlights here: i. Murder of Abel by Cain [According to the footnote, “Milton stresses this murder because of its symbolic importance to which St. Augustine contributed in the City of God XIII, by making it an example of the danger of envy.] (443) ii. The many means of death: Intemperance and Diseases dire, Lazar-house, pain iii. Old age and decay of strength, beauty and ability, discovery of metallurgy iv. Men corrupted by women “amorous ditties” (580); [At first Adam says, this doesn’t look so bad. Michael says, judge not by pleasure. They’re tents of wickedness. That troop is “empty of all good” (612) So Adam is taught to understand this view of wanton sexuality as further evidence of women being the source of men’s problems: “But still I see the tenor of Mans woe / Holds on the same, from Woman to begin. / From men’s effeminate slackness it begins, said the Angel.” (638-631) So Michael corrects Adam, saying it’s man’s fault, but notice it’s man’s effeminate fault. Man should better hold his superior place.] v. War and plunder. Giants from Genesis 6.4 vi. Enoch, Noah’s ancestor, “till at last / Of middle Age one rising, eminent” (665ff) [1st just man] vii. Noah, “At length a Reverend Sire among them came.” (712-901) [the 2nd “one just man”] Noah builds his Arc, the Flood overwhelms, “Depopulation” (756) Adam weeps; “better had I / Liv’d ignorant of future” (763-4) Adam’s revelation about luxurious living during peacetime: “For now I see / peace to corrupt no less that war to waste.” (XI: 783-4) Arc fixed on some tall mount, a raven flies out, then a dove, returns with olive leaf Rainbow (a “Bow”), the Covenant from God never again to flood the world. (840-901) (Genesis ix, 11-17) Adam rejoices in that One Man so just. J. BOOK XII - from the Flood to Jesus, and the Expulsion from Eden Michael continues to relate prophecies to Adam [1-605] i. The Tower of Babel and Nimrod, rebellious against God [13-] Adam makes it clear that the imperial imperative of Genesis i.28 has not lapsed: “That right we hold / By his donation” (XI, 68-69) Yet, importantly, we learn here that the imperial imperative was never meant to legitimize “Dominion absolute” of Man over men” (XI,68-70) Adam, displeased to learn of Nimrod’s rebellion against God with the Tower of Babel: “O execrable Son so to aspire Above his Brethern, to himself assuming Authority usurpt, from God not giv’n: He gave us only over Beast, Fish, Fowl Dominion absolute; that right we hold 30a. By his donation; ____but man over men____________ 30b. ___He made not lord____________; such title to himself Reserving, human left from human free (XII:68-70) Stevens provides this famous quotation as one of the best pieces of evidence against his thesis. Next a very important section on the importance of the liberty that comes from Reason, now lost. ii. Abraham [105-] God selects “one peculiar Nation… from all the rest, of whom to be invok’d A Nation form one faithful man to spring” (113-115) He selects Abraham’s people in Egypt. iii. Moses [151-] Next “One Just Man” through whom God delivers that nation from slavery in Egypt. iv. Jesus [270-551] Long section on all these guys as the origin of Jesus, virgin mother • a) Adam expresses his sense of enlightenment [270-] • b) Michael relates the origin of Jesus [285-] • c) Adam eagerly inquires about Jesus' battle against Satan [372-] • d) Michael relates the life and resurrection of Jesus [386-] o a garden that is to be regained when “the Earth / Shall all be Paradise” (XI,463-64) • e) Adam rejoices, but questions the fate of those left on Earth [466-] • f) Michael summarizes the struggles of Christianity [485-] v. Adam is reconfirmed in obedience to God [552-] Michael encourages Adam to focus on obedience rather than what he once possessed in Paradise, “all the rule, one Empire” (XII, 581) Michael urges Adam to concentrate on the “paradise within thee, happier farr*” (XI, 587) *Stevens concedes that “paradise within” (XI: 587) can also be read as evidence against his argument. However, he concludes, “if my argument is true, then that admonition to turn inward and forget the expansiveness of the Genesis imperative will be undermined by the logic of daily practices—the quotidian demands of early modern civility (17). vi. Eve greets the returning pair; her spirits having been restored by her dreams [606-] 31. Provide the “gist” of Eve’s final speech: (XII: 610-623) The gist of eves final speech is manly covering the Christian ways and how we are supposed to follow through with Gods promise. 32-33. Now that the epic is over, and you have Eve’s final words, what can you add to your earlier analysis of what Milton is doing with this character. You might keep your same thesis and just add one more example, or you can change your mind on what you said earlier (120+ words), no quote necessary: I can add that eves character is an outline of the actual character in the bible. Also, she portrays someone who easily gives in and then want to plead for mercy once she must face the consequences. She is created to be Adam’s mate and partner in the beginning of time. Her greatest attribute become one of her most serous weaknesses. Basically, she is the most important character in the book. She is the one who really sets things off and puts them into perspective. She seems to be bit of a rebel when she gives into biting the forbidden apple. Showing part of her character traits. Therefore, leading Adam to eat the apple which shows that she has a bit of an influence on him and is in control a little. She is one of God’s creatures and is made beautiful, intelligent, graceful, and innocent as you can describe her in the book. Her character represents how someone so innocent can give into temptation as any other person. Since she was made Godly, we wouldn’t of thought she would of made such a mischievous decision. Overall stating that her character is an all-around person, the ideal candidate if someone was to ever be eve in a normal world. vii. Michael expels Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden, from Paradise [624-649] 34. Last five lines of the epic, fill in the blanks: Some natural tears they dropp’d, but wip’d them soon; The world was all beore them, where to chose Thir place of rest, and Providence thir guide: They _hand____ in _hand____. With wand’ring steps and slow, Through Eden took thir solitary way.” (XII:645-649) End of Epic Professor Stevens’ Conclusion: “As all his writings testify, Milton was an intensely idealistic and moral man, and what is most challenging about him, like Las Casas and other putative early modern anticolonialists, is that it is his very virtue, his desire for civility and his refusal of any thoroughgoing relativism, that makes it so difficult for him to stand outside the discourse of colonialism. To argue otherwise is to underestimate the power of ideology…” The ideology or the mentalité of the colonial imperative was in the air, it was considered a religious duty, it was integral with what it meant to be English, and it was too connected to the value of civility, that is of the civilized life we enjoy in a civil society, to be resisted (17). 35. After all this reading (and nothing else in the semester will be ANYWHERE NEAR this long or difficult!) What is your personal take on the debate? Would you say Paradise Lost is pro-empire or anti-empire? Super short answer is fine. (like “pro” or “anti” – but be ready to support your claim in a final exam essay.) My personal take on the debate is anti-empire because the book seems not to be based on political territory.