University:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Course:
NURS 312 | Pharmacology
Academic year:

2021
Views:

110

Pages:

2
Author:

Maverick Martin

Answer these questions while doing “Introduction to Pharmacology” (Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0) Module. 1. What are the nine body systems by which drugs are organized? Neurological, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hematologic, gastrointestinal, reproductive and genitourinary, endocrine and immune, pain + inflammation + infection. 2. What are the two basic information essential to learn a body system? The anatomy and physiology of the body system. 3. Who are considered special population in respect to drug therapy? Pregnant women, infants and children, and older adults. 4. What is the best way of learning a drug? Is it by category or by individual drugs? By category. 5. Who checks whether generic drugs and brand name drugs has same therapeutic effect? FDA 6. Why are some of the drugs need to be prescribed and not available as over the counter? 7. Prescription drugs are potentially harmful if there is no supervision of administration by a provider. 8. Which one has the higher rate of absorption: Tablet or capsules? capsules 9. What are the factors that affect subcutaneous injection absorption? Solubility of the drug and the client’s circulatory status. 10. What is bioavailability of the drug? The amount of oral drug available after passing through the liver. 11. Which part of the body receives the highest amount of drugs? Liver, kidneys, heart 12. What is a metabolite? New or altered form of the drug. 13. How does peak and trough level help with drug therapy? The variations that occur in the client’s blood levels help determine whether you are maintaining a therapeutic level throughout the day. 14. What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive antagonist? Competitive antagonist compete with an agonist for receptor sites. Noncompetitive antagonists block an agonist’s access for receptor sites. 15. What is cumulative drug tolerance and what are the nursing interventions for it? Cumulative drug tolerance is the body’s decreased response to a drug it receives over a period of time. Nursing interventions include assessing clinical signs and monitoring lab results. 16. What is additive effect, synergistic effect, and antagonistic effect? Additive effect is when the combined effect of two drugs you give together is the same as each drug you give alone. 1+1=2 Synergistic effect is when the effect of a drug is greater if you give it with another drug. 1+1=3 Antagonistic effect is when the effect is one drug is decreased or blocked if you give it with another drug. 1+1=0 17. What is PLLR? Pregnancy and lactation labeling rule: mandates three sections for labeling. 18. What affects distribution of drugs in neonates, infants and children? Higher water and lower body fat content affects distribution. 19. Compare drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in pediatrics and geriatrics? Decreased excretion in infants and geriatrics. 20. What are the factors to consider when providing client instructions? Determine the client’s cognitive and developmental level, learning style, native language, and readiness to learn.