Unit 3.1 Learning

Unit 3.1: Learning Terms and Concepts  Learning  Habituation (not to be confused with sensory adaptation!)  Associative learning  Stimulus  Cognitive Learning  Classical conditioning  Pavlov’s dogs’ experiment  Behaviorism  Neutral Stimulus  Unconditioned Response  Unconditioned Stimulus  Conditioned Response  Conditioned Stimulus  Acquisition  Higher-order conditioning  Extinction  Spontaneous Recovery  Generalization  Discrimination  Law of Effect  Operant Conditioning  Reinforcement  Shaping  Discriminative stimulus  Positive Reinforcement  Negative reinforcement  Primary reinforcer  Conditioned reinforcer  Reinforcement schedule o Continuous Reinforcement o Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement  Fixed-ratio schedule  Variable-ratio schedule  Fixed-interval schedule  Variable-interval schedule  Punishment (Positive and negative)  Real-life applications of operant conditioning  Influences/Limits on Operant Conditioning  Cognitive Map  Latent Learning  Insight  Intrinsic Motivation  Extrinsic Motivation  Problem-focused coping  Emotion-focused coping     Learned helplessness External Locus of Control Internal Locus of Control Marshmallow Study/ self-control  Social Learning Theory o Vicarious Conditioning o Modeling Mirror neurons Prosocial behavior Antisocial behavior    Major Questions 1. Describe the differences of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. a. classical conditioning – learning by association b. operant conditioning – learning through rewards or punishment 2. In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR? a. UCS – food b. UCR – drooling to food c. NS – bell d. CS – bell e. CR – drooling to bell 3. How do we know acquisition has taken place? a. Learning happens when the NS becomes the CS 4. How does extinction occur? What about spontaneous recovery? a. Extinction - learned behavior fades b. spontaneous recovery – suddenly returns 5. What was the significance of the Little Albert experiment? a. Proved fear can be conditioned in humans 6. How can we use shaping to condition someone? a. Shaping – rewarding small steps toward a bigger goal 7. What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment? a. Reinforcement – encourages behavior b. Punishment – discourages behavior 8. Which schedule of reinforcement leads to the fastest learning? What about the longestlasting learning? a. Fastest – continuous reinforcement b. Longest – lasting, variable ratio 9. How does latent learning take place? Give an example. a. Learning that shows up later; ex. a rat runs a maze faster after knowing food is at the end 10.How does learned helplessness develop? a. Giving up after repeated failure 11.What was the significance of the Bobo Doll experiment? a. Showed kids imitate aggressive behavior they see in adults For each of the following, provide an example. (complete sentences not necessary) 13 Positive Reinforcement Giving a child 20 extra mins of screen time for cleaning their room 14 Negative Reinforcement Turning off your alarm when you actually get out of your bed 15 Positive Punishment Giving a child more chores for talking back 16 Negative Punishment Taking away a child’s phone for being late on curfew 17 Fixed-ratio schedule A factory worker gets paid after putting together 20 toys 18 Variable-ratio schedule a slot machine pays out after a random amount of pulls 19 Fixed-interval schedule A weekly paycheck 20 Variable-interval schedule Checking email for a new message – every 5-20 mins you get one - SOMETIMES