Unit 2.2 Cognitive Psychology

Unit 2.2: Cognitive Psychology Terms and Concepts  Memory  Alzheimer’s Disease  Superior Autobiographical Memory  Encoding  Storage  Retrieval  Parallel processing  Sensory Memory  Short-term memory  Long-term memory  Working memory  Explicit memory  Implicit memory  Effortful processing  Automatic processing  Iconic memory  Echoic memory  Mnemonics  Chunking  Hierarchies  Spacing effect  Testing effect  Shallow Processing  Deep Processing  Hippocampus (as it relates to memory)  Frontal lobes (as they relate to memory)  Cerebellum (as it relates to memory)  Basal ganglia (as it relates to memory)  Amygdala (as it relates to memory)  Flashbulb memory  Long term potentiation  Recall  Recognition  Retrieval Cues  Ebbinghaus’ Forgetting Curve  Context Dependent memory  State Dependent memory  Mood-congruent memory  Serial Position Effect o Primacy effect o Recency effect                                  Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia Proactive interference Retroactive interference Repression Misinformation effect Source amnesia Misinformation Effect Cognition Concept Prototype Creativity Convergent Thinking Divergent Thinking Algorithm Heuristic Confirmation Bias Belief Perseverance Gamblers Fallacy Mental Set Representativeness Heuristic Availability Heuristic Framing Language Phoneme Morpheme Grammar Cooing stage Babbling stage One-word stage Telegraphic speech Universal Grammer Critical Period Major Questions 1. What is the difference between explicit memory and implicit memory? a. Implicit – skills or habits you do without thinking about it b. Explicit – facts and experiences you can consciously recall 2. How long do sensory memory and short term memory last? a. Sensory – seconds b. Short term memory – 20 seconds 3. How are shallow and deep processing different? a. Shallow – focusing on surface details – not really processing for long b. Deep – focusing on meaning 4. Where are short term and long term explicit memories stored? a. Short term – prefrontal cortex b. Long term – hippocampus 5. Where are implicit memories typically stored? a. Cerebellum and basal ganglia 6. How are context-dependent memory and state-dependent memory different? a. Context – easier to remember something in the same placed you learned it b. State – easier to remember when you are in the same mental state or mood 7. According to Freud why would repression happen? a. Unconsciously pushing painful memories out of awareness 8. How can the misinformation effect lead someone’s memory of an event to change? a. Misleading details can change how you remember an event 9. Give an example of source amnesia. a. Forgetting where you learned something; thinking about a fact in class when it was a song lyric 10.What is the difference between retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia? a. retrograde amnesia – cannot remember past events b. anterograde – cant form new memories 11.Give an example of the representativeness heuristic. a. Assuming someone who loves to bake must be a baker, not a teacher 12.Give an example of the availability heuristic. a. Thinking cruise ships sinking are common because you saw one on TV 13.How does belief perseverance work? How is it different from Confirmation bias a. Sticking to a belief even after it’s disproven b. Only seeking information that supports that belief 14.What is the difference between semantics and syntax? a. Semantics – meaning of words b. Syntax – grammar and word order 15.Describe the stages of a child learning to speak. a. In order – babbling, cooing, single words, two-word phrases, full sentences