AP World Unit 5 Topic 2 NoteGuide Answer Key

UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 THEME : Governance LEARNING OBJECTIVE : Explain causes and effects of the various revolutions in the period from 1750 to 1900. It’s time to talk about revolutions . CAUSES OF REVOLUTION Now before we walk through the major revolutions you need to know, we need to explore the three main that got everyone stirred up into a revolutionary fervor. factors And the first cause , and maybe the most important, was the rise of nationalism which describes a sense of commonality among a people based on shared language, religion , social customs, and that is often linked with a desire for territory during this period. For most of . And this was a new development human history, as you’ve seen, large states Like the Ottoman incorporated many diverse peoples within their borders. Empire or the Mongol Empire, or insert empire name here—none of those empires were associated with a singular people that shared an ethnicity or language. However, during this period the notion that people who shared territory and rule a culture and history and ethnicity ought to dwell in their own themselves was becoming increasingly strong. Some states actually tried to use this growing nationalistic fervor to their advantage of unity among their people. And they did this by injecting nationalist themes emphasizing public rituals service. For example, Russian into their schools, that glorified the nation and its culture, and pushing people into military leaders required the Russian language to be spoken throughout their territorial holdings in order to create a sense of unity among the various ethnicities state. However, that attempt at nationalistic unity through language backfired and Finland. Each place had their own languages Poland in order to foster a sense under the authority of the in places like Ukraine and that identified them as a people and the imposition of Russian only created a more powerful counter-nationalism against Russian authority in those places. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 1 of 7 UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 CAUSES OF REVOLUTION cont’d. The second cause of revolutions was a widespread discontent with monarchist It’s a general rule of history that nobody likes being squashed tried to impose harsh new taxes rebellion from various militaristic nomadic groups the weakening , it’ll be important to know that these of a much more generalized rejection of authority the world. For example, the Safavid Empire rule. under the thumb of the government. And although we’re going to focus here on the major Atlantic Revolutions revolutions took place in the context and imperial across and was met with at the edges of the empire. And that resistance led to of the Safavid state so much that in the early 18th century outside invaders put an end to the Safavid. Or you had the Wahhabi Movement officially which sought to reform the corrupted form of endemic in the Ottoman Empire, and that, combined with plenty of other problems, contributed to Islam the long decline of the Ottomans. The third cause of revolution was the development of new ideologies and systems Recall from the last topic that Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Rousseau new kind of government structure meant governments should be characterized by democracy of liberalism , and Montesquieu conceived a . At the center of all of it was the concept of popular sovereignty which argued that the power to govern was in the hands must have the right of government. of the people themselves. And that naturally since, in order to exercise that power, people to vote and influence the policies which was a political and economic ideology civil rights, the necessity of a representative of the government. And then came the idea that emphasized the protection of government, the protection of private property , and economic freedom. SUMMARIZE the previous section in your own words. (2-4 sentences) © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 2 of 7 UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 THE ATLANTIC REVOLUTIONS Let’s get to know the major Atlantic ideals. democratic First is the American Revolution colonies Revolutions themselves, all of which were inspired by which began in 1776. The British in North America on the Atlantic coast. And because Britain was so far removed these colonies by the ocean, those colonies developed a culture fought on the North American continent, Britain’s war debts , part of which was were substantial, and that’s when Britain decided to clamp down on those colonies and get them to help pay . Because of this stiff imposition of new from , a system of government, and an economic without interference from Britain. But after the Seven Years' War framework taxes established thirteen for that war with a flurry of new taxes, the curtailment of various freedoms that colonists had previously enjoyed, and a widespread adoption of Enlightenment principles of government, the American revolution began. And those Enlightenment principles are on full display in the Declaration of Independence which is positively overflowing with the ideas of popular natural rights, and the social contract . With substantial help from France , the Americans won the war and the United States was born 1783. And this victory was a big deal because it provided the template world for a successful overthrow sovereignty, in for other nations throughout the of oppressive power and the establishment of a republican style government. The second revolution to know is the French Revolution played a big part in the American Revolution and as French soldiers returned from that war, many of them were inflamed with ideals of democracy with suspicion. And so when Louis XVI own enormous war debts republic which began in 1789. Remember that France and started looking at their own absolutist king attempted to tighten his control over France in order to pay his , the people of France rebelled, overthrew the government, and established a . © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 3 of 7 UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 THE ATLANTIC REVOLUTIONS cont’d. And Enlightenment principles likewise undergirded the main document The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of this revolution, namely, which elegantly championed the ideas of natural rights and popular sovereignty. The third revolution to know is the Haitian Revolution property of France and it happened to be the most prosperous the island’s majority enslaved equality which began in 1791. Haiti was the colonial colony in the whole world. When black population heard about French revolutionaries calling for liberty and , they thought that sounded kind of nice. Under the leadership of Toussaint Louverture , the enslaved Haitians revolted and eventually defeated the French establishing the second republic in the western hemisphere after the United States, and the first black The fourth revolution you need to know is actually many heading of Latin American Revolutions government in this region. revolutions, but we’ll combine them under the . Spanish and Portuguese colonies throughout Central and South America were similarly influenced by Enlightenment ideas and began to resent the increasing control their imperial parents were exerting upon them. This resentment was especially present in the creole class European which was made up of those who were of heritage but were born in the Americas. On the racial hierarchy put them in the second position below the peninsulares who were European also, but were born in Europe. So the creoles were like the Kirkland’s brand of colonial authority about peninsulares getting most of the political power So in 1808, Napoleon's unastable in the Americas, that , and they were not happy . invasion of Spain and deposition of the Portuguese monarch created an political situation in the American colonies and that created the occasion for revolution in Latin America. Creole military leaders like Simon Bolivar appealed to colonial subjects across racial lines with Enlightenment ideals which he summarized in his Letter from Jamaica . That document, like © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 4 of 7 UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 THE ATLANTIC REVOLUTIONS cont’d. the other revolutionary documents we’ve considered, contained appeals to popular sovereignty and the right of self rule among the various Spanish colonies. Through a series of long and protracted wars one Latin American colony after another won its independence , and many of them formed republican governments in its wake. SUMMARIZE the previous section in your own words. (2-4 sentences) OTHER NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS Let’s finish by talking about a couple other nationalist movements during this period and what happened as a result. And here you just need to understand that while nationalism was a prime factor in the full- blown revolutions we just talked about, there were also many other nationalist movements that resulted not in revolution but calls for a higher degree of self-rule in some cases and national unification in other cases. First, let’s talk about the Propaganda Movement they imposed a similar in the Philippines. This was also a Spanish colony and racial hierarchy here that they did in their American colonies. The Spanish tightly controlled opportunities for education wealthier in this colony, and that meant that many of the creoles and mestizos traveled to Europe for a university education. And when they © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 5 of 7 UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 OTHER NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS cont’d. got there, Europe was awash in nationalist and Enlightenment ideas, and some of those Filipino students absorbed those ideas and brought them right on home . And so they started publishing ideas and even though they weren’t calling for independence from Spain where this kind of thinking could lead. So they sought to suppress Philippine , the Spanish authorities knew the movement and as a result, the Revolution broke out at the end of the century. And second, nationalism played a major role in the unification of Italy and during this period populations to come together and unify combination of diplomacy these fragmented regions and Germany . Before , both Italy and Germany were made up of dozens of fragmented But under the influence of nationalism, military leaders SUMMARIZE these states. from both nations inspired their respective each place under a single government. And through a and deft military tactics, this nationalist fervor resulted in the unification of . the previous section in your own words. (2-4 sentences) © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 6 of 7 UNIT 5 TOPIC 2 Nationalism & Revolutions 1750 to 1900 RESPOND to the learning objective with an evidence-based, argumentative thesis. LEARNING OBJECTIVE : Explain causes and effects of the various revolutions in the period from 1750 to 1900. © Heimler’s History Please do not share or post online. Authorized use for school year 2023-2024. *Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. TM page 7 of 7