University:
University of Virginia
Course:
CHEM 2410 | Organic Chemistry I
Academic year:

2024
Views:

388

Pages:

3
Author:

Kayli N.

Position of H-1 Equilibrium =A + Anion Leveling Effect ; strongest if , solvent is water , base can Solvating Effects : used to Higher pla - - slows bulke be pka & A the small less capable counterion : stable, more of the solvent (ex stable 16 & . sterically > - interacting w/ it will form ( same for 1 strong encuan to fless solvated solvent solvents less ex spectator in . HOW/ (1007 bulky strongest = Lit, Nat counterions , or for very different + moret are ⑦ G At electronegativities ex . S & Na] (must haveLone pair to donate to form acceptor depronate will turn find conjugate acid of bases ↳ has to acids) hindered - A base w/H 18) Ethanolbettersovated electron-pair donor electron-pair is that can be used -- bew/a a base -O J is base of anion particular solvent differences pla stable T solvents must whichever conjugate strongest more Csame w/lations] Conjugate baseless is favors B any than the X 18 G : Base : Acid = in present P tert-butand counterions Lewis Oxygen anionic down > - is - - - stronger Lewis explain acidic T X Bronsted base Is less Hindered : Stertically ex hydroxide then H + Anion ↳ base CAN'T be stronger ex Reagents of Choice and (add have higher paa a than H) into weaker tweetest the acid to is Conjugale acid highest pea depronate bond] Quantitative The Qualitative to acid of an strength Atom depends of the stability conjugate base its of electronegativity increase > - Resonance H-Cly Induction PKa H H NItz - - size . H H H vs H . - ~ Resonance - I H janyamineons om O localized Spreading out _ delocalized ! w/a Sulfur Area En size is # density " ↑ ⑫ o to more - electronegative & OH-H Ro o - . > 58 - - H 4 bonds too far pka H 3 87 insulators Oro-H sp2 44 ↳O s bigger ORBITAL XH = ↓ Lis owRo Sp3 . bigger bonds-conductors bonds -H 65 ~ important Induction shift of electron - · 25 00 'I ↑ I # Ho H-0- i delocalized ② across 30 stable H . & Os l density O oh more out more = 9 95 - more acidic . ↳ size matters more electron Spread H- on more En us I acidic 16 localized H-S - 18 most 07 - . delocalized columnI same leastasic H 15 7 G - alkene H-OH Pla on is 15 a only matters G . Es ↳ EN matters more acidic ins 5H 38'H 24 25 PKa -N - 7 what the - 3 15 7 38 Orbital - same row most 60 Exception N- F Ol Spa H Me Sp H - - It 24 H - = C N Sp + C = induction - H .Z 9 N = c away 0 s+ oKolt 2 . 9 II bond Conducts decreases En = Rank the bases from Most O · # localized I to of E F · E - localized on C - 5 2 basic ⑦ ⑦ Most Stable onO (5) least -estable delocalized delocalized 4 Lewis Acid-Base Pair (coordination) Selection - election donor Lewis base t # & a ceb for Lewis i F- IE & - cau ↑ acid B - F F umpress E each other By even bigger ston = " C more reactive towards electrons - cavilibrium : can use as catalyst that goes over and over 3