University:
University of Virginia
Course:
CHEM 2410 | Organic Chemistry I
Academic year:

2024
Views:

218

Pages:

2
Author:

Kayli N.

Valence Shell Tetrahedral ex CHy . Electron Pair Geometry Sp3 4 bonds w/ bond lone pairs No of angles (USEPR) Repulsion 109 5. . Trigonal Pyramidal sp3 ex NH3 . 3 bond angles of 1070 w/ lone pairs 2 bonds Ha # Steric bond = z 4 in Steric # Bettz of 1200 Steril # . ex - z of of electron pairs Arrangement Molecular = angles bond , arrangement 105 Sp Linear eX love pair bonds bond angles eX tetrahedral of angles o 3 . ex arrangement w/ sp2 Trigonal Planar ex BF3 . pair In tetrahedral 4 = Sp2 Bent . 1 lone [Steric number] Total # of electrons eX w/ bonds a = 4 > - Geometry bond pairs H 3 . 10 3 2 . - Electron geometry Sigma (single) = Pairs (bonds frigonal planar pairs & I lone pair Arrangement 4 electron pairs . 3 [total # arrangement = retrahedral Steric number 1 H-. I steric number Bonding = = = 1808 = tetrahedral Geometry 1 love pair = trigonal pyramidal = 4 of electrons] Dipole Moment (u) = indicator polarity ↳ amount of partial charge dipole u bond length bond w/ C-cl . if 100 % In reality, louic u ... 1 772 end either on of the (d) separation 10-18 = esu 4.80 x em . 10 8cm x . charge electron (S) SXd = debye (D) 1 ex of distance X [d) 10 - esu (e) eXd = = (4, 80 = 8 . V - 10 x 51x10-18 eso) 10-8 cm) x (1 772 x . esu . Cm 100 % Conc... NOT dipole moment experimental #D at 1 100 % x = 8 51D . 87 & Ft . Molecular ex Moment Dipole .iCi sum of individual dipoles Dipole Dipole solids : :: Net dipoles to liquids free-moving , b stronger net dipole but Hydrogen Bonding Interaction ↳ Increases boiling = attract or can repel attract higher moment- contribute · - boiling : branched less larger Solubility point : Molecule Soluble if "like in Forces nonpolar won (Not both polar boiling 5-St to are or larger more Now a formal changes make more ·" more soluble in point [induction electronegative atom CN or O w/lone pair ---0-H)H- dissolves like" charges other = Increased boiling Increased Molecular weight point from higher moments H opposite meltinga opposite partial charges point hydrogen bonded dissolves individual diple -F. direction each of - If & C pairs of ⑦makes stronger attract more Fleeting Dipole Dipole/London Dispersion hydrocarbons : Only direction electrostatic (attraction bin = align molecules : lone H--C · dipole moment = & significantly to the magnitude , but not this alone can change it's i > = molecular dipole Intermolecular Forces magnitude of vector sum Vector H: - = polar Polar solvent SA for interactions