Textbook 1.1- 1.6

8)27 textbook . . compounds : living organisms organic difficult - 1 1- 1 6 isolate to Vitalism : must use outside I - c 0 - - it C H - H H - - It H - - -0 - 0 - H it Divalent N- - Monovalent oxygen Br- bonds H - - H - H- - I I H H --- - I - 0 H - - I H - If I - C-I I A H 3 - H H I - H H -- I H o 1 I - bond I- - sameIsomer same connectivity HHH3 Y ↓ I H- - & halogens F-1 Cl2 hydrogen & H-X- 0- H I - - I H organic # -a H c 3 bonds bonds 4 c nitrogen CzHg O - - Trivalent generally carbon to Ether & forms /orangic I - it Fetra valent - atoms 11 it Dimethy) contain carbon O H H must force to convert Vital CHy Constitutional Isomers H ↳ w/ heat decompose easier · purify + & animals) (plants It o I H - C- 0 - w 0-H]H I I H H - It Constitutional isomers H I H HH - c-I I oxygen +O I Hd - 0 I AH connected O - H I H-q - , It to same H connected 22 to Not H it It Oxygen C , as as C H-o H - oxygen 2 its H It between carbon atoms Practicing Drawing C3HyCl - -p - Ht- H - H It - - - - H H CH - - C2Cztz ,s - H H- - Isomers HH I FF H F C c - - H # H-cI FC It c 1 F I It H - If 23 F CcHyCz It i : H : 0 c - It x - 2 I - hydrogen it 0 in S ↑ + 1) force 3) force H I Most Stable H · kJ/mol · C of repulsion - = H 12 : Ci = 1 + charge I minimizes It maximizes repulsion get 2 b/n b/ negatively charged positively charged 2 n negative closer = forces repulsion forces bin electrons electron & nuclei positive nuclei get stronger them attractive forces W/ nuclei ] creates of net force attraction = lowers energy of system until nuclei separation reaches Internuclear distance C2Ho :C ~ H As of b/m structures H . - account] into 2) force of repulsion + 276 6 5 formal moving left [forces distance -FH D [negative AH] energy & -- = pair of electrons lons Internuclear I H H-c-- C sharing H - H H H i - atoms ↳ bond forms = decrease CH204 H-c It - H - electron in Lewis i It c it : :0 : : H-c- Hit It CHO 11 C - I covalent bond = a) z NO & c - H-P-c 436 4 - CH Cl I H Il I - c - I H- 1 C - It N c CICI H H - 11 . H C . H : I H · I Hi H H 8 + 6 = 14 of 0 . 74A ↓ force of repulsion bin overtakes = energy if atoms nuclei attraction forces of systemIncreases get closer Formal charge atom : * H It① - N - · H I & H Electronegativity negative make more increasing = 3 electrons hasy : negative charge negative more - 1) ↑ covalent bond electronegative Difference bin ex C . - polar covalent . 5 - 3 5 = . A 5-2 1 - . * 4 : . electrons O electrons UNequally shared stronger(higher causes Moslheg charges S- 1 7 > Na Flower = - : electrons . NOT shared at all H electrons from 2 partial electronegativity] C & ↳ higher-t bond electronegative . : 57 all & . . electronegativity force of attraction ↓ 0 0 57X)1 7 T Bond-line structures shared bond toward higher ex = . . Induction > C Ionic Difference bin equally electrons : 1 8 oxygen attracts positive St . C- O . 2 · 2 electronegative ex 0 5 < C-H C same atom 1 Jo u Al : Difference bin Most H negative electrons Valence H-AH ita positive charge - celections Most az 2 5 = of # correct only has 4 electrons : > - pair counts lone N= 5 have doesn't that soley on Oxygen oppositely charged lower higher ions d ex&S o ↓ Par covalent C 0 5 . - H 3 0-2 . . 1= 0 9 . ativity ecne