Chapter 4 - Health of the Individual Family and Community

‭Meeting Basic Human Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭People’s behaviors, feelings about self and others, values, and priorities all relate to‬ ‭physiologic and psychosocial needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭These basic human needs are common to all people; meeting them is essential for the‬ ‭health and survival of all people‬ ‭●‬ ‭A person can meet some needs independently, but most needs require relationships and‬ ‭interactions with others for partial or complete fulfillment‬ ‭●‬ ‭Satisfying one’s needs often depends on the physical and social environment, especially‬ ‭one’s family and community‬ ‭Characteristics of Basic Needs/Maslow‬ ‭●‬ ‭Their lack of fulfillment results in illness‬ ‭●‬ ‭Their fulfillment helps prevent illness or signals health‬ ‭●‬ ‭Meeting basic needs restores health‬ ‭●‬ ‭Fulfillment of basic needs takes priority over other satisfactions when unmet‬ ‭●‬ ‭A person feels something is missing when a need is unmet‬ ‭●‬ ‭A person feels satisfaction when a need is met‬ ‭Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Physiologic‬ ‭●‬ ‭Safety and security‬ ‭●‬ ‭Love and belonging‬ ‭●‬ ‭Self-esteem‬ ‭●‬ ‭Self-actualization‬ ‭Physiologic Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Oxygen (most essential)‬ ‭●‬ ‭Water‬ ‭●‬ ‭Food‬ ‭●‬ ‭Elimination‬ ‭●‬ ‭Temperature‬ ‭●‬ ‭Sexuality‬ ‭●‬ ‭Physical activity‬ ‭●‬ ‭Rest‬ ‭Safety and Security Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Second in priority‬ ‭●‬ ‭Have both physical and emotional components‬ ‭●‬ ‭Being protected from actual/potential harm‬ ‭●‬ ‭Examples of interventions:‬ ‭‬ U ○ ‭ sing proper hand hygiene to prevent infection‬ ‭○‬ ‭Using electrical equipment properly‬ ‭○‬ ‭Administering medications knowledgable‬ ‭Love and Belonging Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Third priority needs (higher-level)‬ ‭●‬ ‭Understanding and acceptance of others in both giving/receiving love‬ ‭●‬ ‭The feeling of belonging to groups such as families, peers, friends, a‬ ‭neighborhood/community‬ ‭●‬ ‭Unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation‬ ‭●‬ ‭Examples of interventions:‬ ‭○‬ ‭Including family and friends in care of patient‬ ‭○‬ ‭Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship‬ ‭Self-Esteem Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Needs for a person to feel good about oneself, pride, and accomplishment‬ ‭●‬ ‭Believing that others also respect and appreciate one’s accomplishments‬ ‭●‬ ‭Factors affecting self-esteem:‬ ‭○‬ ‭Role changes‬ ‭○‬ ‭Body image changes‬ ‭●‬ ‭Positive self-esteem facilitates confidence and independence‬ ‭Self-Actualization Needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Acceptance of self and others as they are‬ ‭●‬ ‭Feelings of happiness and affection for others‬ ‭●‬ ‭Respect for all people‬ ‭●‬ ‭Ability to discriminate between good and evil‬ ‭●‬ ‭Ability to be objective‬ ‭●‬ ‭Focus of interest on problems outside oneself‬ ‭●‬ ‭Creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests‬ ‭Family Structures‬ ‭●‬ ‭Family: Any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical,‬ ‭emotional, and financial support‬ ‭●‬ ‭Nuclear family: Traditional family; two parents and their children‬ ‭●‬ ‭Extended family: Includes aunts, uncles, and grandparents‬ ‭●‬ ‭Blended family: Two parents and their unrelated children from previous relationships‬ ‭●‬ ‭Single-parent family: May be separated, divorced, widowed, or never married‬ ‭Family Functions‬ ‭●‬ P ‭ hysical: Providing a safe, comfortable environment necessary for growth, development,‬ ‭and rest for recuperation‬ ‭●‬ ‭Economic: Providing financial aid to its members and meeting society’s needs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Reproductive: To have and raise children‬ ‭●‬ ‭Affective and coping: Providing emotional comfort to family members and helping them‬ ‭establish their identity or maintain it in times of stress‬ ‭●‬ ‭Socialization: Teaching; transmitting beliefs, values, attitudes, and coping mechanisms;‬ ‭providing feedback; and guiding problem solving‬ ‭Risk Factors for Altered Family Health‬ ‭●‬ ‭Lifestyle‬ ‭●‬ ‭Psychosocial‬ ‭●‬ ‭Environmental‬ ‭●‬ ‭Developmental‬ ‭●‬ ‭Biological‬ ‭Community Factors Affecting Health‬ ‭●‬ ‭Social support systems‬ ‭●‬ ‭Community healthcare structure‬ ‭●‬ ‭Economic resources‬ ‭●‬ ‭Environmental factors‬ ‭Characteristics of Community Influences on the Health of a Family Member‬ ‭●‬ ‭Prevailing values and beliefs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Healthcare resources‬ ‭●‬ ‭Transportation and communication facilities‬ ‭●‬ ‭Education and recreation programs‬ ‭●‬ ‭Production of goods and services‬ ‭●‬ ‭Protection, safety, and aesthetic concerns‬