SSWH15: Industrial Revolution

Name: ________________​​ ​ Date: __ SSWH15: Industrial Revolution Directions: Use your Teacher Notes, CNs, R&NTSG book and the internet (sites, not ChatGPT/AI) to answer the questions. Cite any websites you use. 1.​ Who will be the country to begin mechanization in the 12th Century? Who has a greater impact in the 18th century? Great Britain 2.​ Began in Great Britain in the 1760’s a.​ ______Labor supply________- population boom, city workers b.​ ______Natural resources__________- coal, iron ore and other natural resources c.​ ____Investment capital______- from trade and war to invest d.​ _______Markets________- large colonial empire, trade agreements e.​ ________Transportion infrastructure________- roads, rail and shipping 3.​ What was the traditional method of manufacturing? What was the shift in the 1700s? the Industrial Revolution 4.​ Who transformed the production of pottery? The potter's wheel's invention 5.​ What was the early model for mass production? Ford Model T Inventions: 6.​ What made weaving faster? The flying shuttle's creation 7.​ What made spinning faster? Who invented it? The spinning jenny created by James Hargreaves 8.​ Who invented the water frame? What did it use? Richard Arkwright is credited with creating the water frame. 9.​ What was invented to keep up with the water frame and the spinning Jenny? Who invented it? The spinning mule that Samuel Crompton created 10.​What invention allowed for cotton mills to be placed anywhere? How did that happen? 1 Cotton mills were transformed by the steam engine, which replaced conventional waterwheel-powered power sources and allowed them to be located in regions with better access to manpower or resources. 11.​Who invented the steam engine? James Watt 12.​What made the steam engine so significant in the Industrial Revolution? What did it need for fuel? During the Industrial Revolution, the coal-powered steam engine greatly expanded transportation and output by offering a dependable energy supply for factories and equipment. 13.​What else was needed for machinery? Who found a better process of refining the iron ore? Using iron ore, charcoal, limestone, and a fire source, Henry Cort's puddling technique transformed pig iron into wrought iron, revolutionizing the iron refining process. 14.​What was invented that reshaped not only the industrial revolution but the future? How so? By turning pig iron into wrought iron using Henry Cort's puddling process—which needed iron ore, charcoal, limestone, and a fuel source—iron refining was transformed. 15.​Where did the Industrial Revolution spread to next? The United States and continental Europe, which includes Belgium, France, and Germany. 16.​What invention in the US gives Britain a boost? Who invented it? The telephone, created and patented by Scottish-American inventor Alexander Graham Bell, greatly enhanced Britain's communication system. 2 17.​What does cotton production do for the relationship between Britain and US? Britain's textile sector was greatly impacted by the substantial cotton production in the American South, which was fuelled by enslaved labor. As a result, Britain became highly dependent on American cotton exports. 18.​What shift do we see with iron? How does that change the Industrial Revolution? Coke replaced charcoal in the manufacturing of iron, making it more widely available and more reasonably priced. 19.​What did the steam engines power by the 1820s? steamboats, railroads, and factories 20.​What are interchangeable parts? How are they used in mass production? Parts that can be used and swapped out in any assembly of the same kind since they are made to exacting specifications and are almost similar. Social Effects of the industrial revolution 21.​With the growth of cities what happens to the living conditions? Living situations can get harder and harder. 22.​What were some of the hazards of factory life? Long hours, hazardous equipment, and unfavorable working circumstances 23.​What was life like for working children? What is the Factory Act? Working in factories or mines often means long hours, dangerous situations, and few chances to get an education. New Social Classes: 3 24.​Middle Class Expanded +Rise of the middle class, social changes and exploitation +Lived in _poor housing__ housing, __minimum pay _ and _________ well, women did not work, men expected to ___have their wives take care of the home and provide for it.______ 25.​Industrial Middle Class _______owned a business and employed staff________ __________________________________________________________________ 26.​Industrial Working Class ___People moved up in social class because of factory work, no minimum pay, higher taxes for women, and men having to work outside the home to support the family._______ there was no minimum _______, and no minimum _______, women paid __________than men, women started working from ________ and men were expected to work outside home and bring in ___________________________. 27.​What is capitalism? an economic system in which companies, land, resources, and other means of production are privately owned by people or businesses that run the system for profit. 28.​What is socialism? What is their main idea? Socialism, which encompasses a variety of economic, political, and social theories and movements, is an economic and political philosophy that places an emphasis on social ownership of production means. 29.​Who is one of the primary leaders of socialism? Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1847–1848, describing what they called scientific socialism, shortly before the European Revolutions of 1848. 30.​What is the theory of Marxism? According to the socioeconomic theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, history is driven by class conflict, with capitalism serving as a pivotal historical moment that culminates in a communist revolution. 31.​What book did Marx write? The Communist Manifesto 32.​Who are the oppressors? Who are the oppressed? The people who are oppressed are the proletariat, and the people who are being oppressed are the wealthy or middle-class workers. 4 33.​What group does he think should be in charge? What would this lead to? He believes that the employees ought to be in charge. The idea that would eventually become communism, where workers had more control, would result from this. and in a community where all people are treated equally. Second Industrial Revolution (The differences between the first and second) 34.​1st gave ___________________, ____________________, _______________ & ____________. 35.​2nd gave __________________, ________________, ________________ & ________________. 36.​What was the first major change between 1870-1914? 37.​What new form of energy was created? What is the importance of the lightbulb? Inventors: 38.​Thomas Edison- _______________________________ 39.​Alexander Graham Bell- _________________________ 40.​____________________- Sent the first radio waves across Atlantic Ocean 41.​______________________- light, portable internal combustion engine 42.​______________________- Assembly line used for mass production 43.​Orville and Wilbur Wright- _____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 44.​Internal-combustion engine led to _______________ & _________________ Socialist Parties and Trade Unions 45.​What is a Labor Union? Why were they formed? Groups of workers who speak up for their own interests, mainly by trying to make pay, benefits, and working conditions better 46.​Who was a radical labor union group? What did they start doing that hurt their cause? People who worked for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), also called the "Wobblies," 5 Women’s Experiences 47.​How were women treated during the Industrial Revolution? When did they start fighting for their rights? Industrial Revolution was the start of the real start 48.​What is suffrage? Who was a primary leader of the suffragettes? Emmeline Pankhurst Liberalism and Nationalism 49.​What is Liberalism? How is it tied to the middle class? Everyone should be free and have the same rights under the law. 50.​What is Nationalism? an ideology that stresses devotion and loyalty to one's country, putting national goals and identity ahead of those of individuals or other groups Culture 51.​What is Romanticism? In contrast to the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason, the 19th-century cultural and artistic movement placed a strong emphasis on emotion, individualism, and imagination. 52.​ List ROMANTIC authors, artists and musicians and their work: ❖​ William Wordsworth- ___Lyrical ballads______ ❖​ John Keats- ___Ode to a Nightingale______ ❖​ Lord Byron- ____She Walks in beauty_____ ❖​ Sir Walter Scott- ___Ivanhoe______ (Ivanhoe book about the days of knighthood) ❖​ Grimm Brothers- _______Grimm’s Fairy Tales___________ ❖​ Eugene Delacroix- _____Liberty Leaning the people________ ❖​ John Constable- ____The hay wain_________ ❖​ Ludwig van Beethoven- ____Symphony No. 5________ 6 ❖​ Pytor Ilich Tchaikovsky- ____The nutcracker________ 53.​What new innovations do we see in Biology? developments in personalized medicine, genome editing technologies like CRISPR and RNA therapies, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to a range of biological processes. 54.​What new innovations do we see in Chemistry? Solid-state batteries, biological recycling, and the applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence. 55.​Who is Charles Darwin? What were his primary ideas? a British biologist and the key creator of the theory of evolution through natural selection. 56.​What is Realism? the attempt to portray reality truthfully and accurately, especially in art and literature. 57.​ List the REALIST authors, artists and musicians and their work: ❖​ James Gutherie- _____________ ❖​ Charles Dickens- ___________ (Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist etc.) ❖​ Gustave Flaburet- ____________ (Madame Bovary) ❖​ Leo Tolstoy- ___________ (War and Peace) ❖​ Giacomo Puccini- _____________ ❖​ Umberto Giordano- ____________ 7 58.​What did Physics do for the 19th and 20th Centuries? established the basis for contemporary understandings of electromagnetic and statistical mechanics. 59.​Who is Marie Curie? What did she do? a Polish-born French physicist and chemist who pioneered the study of radioactivity. 60.​Who is Albert Einstein? What did he do? Albert Einstein, a German-born theoretical physicist, is best known for his theory of relativity, which includes the famous equation E=mc², explaining the link between mass and energy. 61.​How were Darwin’s theories applied to social progress? by use of an idea known as social Darwinism. 62.​What does Germany do that shows their movement towards Social Darwinism? Germany's move toward Social Darwinism is seen in its use of eugenics and persecution of "genetically undesirable" groups, such as the Holocaust and forced sterilization. 63.​What is Anti-Semitism? hatred or discrimination directed at Jews. 64.​What is a pogrom? How is it used in Russia? 65.​Where do Jews try to escape to? What is this known as? 8 66.​Who are some of the impressionist and post-impressionist artists? 67.​What changes do we see in architecture and music? 9