Photosynthesis POGIL Insights

1b. Is this organelle more likely to be Plant cells found in animal cells or plant cells? 2. The structures inside the organelle in Model 1 are called thylakoids. What compound necessary for photosynthesis is contained in the thylakoids? Chlorophyll 3a. What substances are the reactants Carbon dioxide- CO₂ and Hydrogen dioxide- H₂O in photosynthesis? Include the name and chemical formula of each substance in your answer. 3b. Where in the organelle are these The Stroma molecules stored before they are used in photosynthesis? 3c. Is photosynthesis an endergonic or Exergonic because it releases energy into the plant cell exergonic reaction? Support your answer with evidence from Model 1. 3d. What is the energy source for Sunlight photosynthesis? 4a. What is another name for the light- The Calvin cycle independent reactions? 4b. In what part of the chloroplast do The thylakoid the light-dependent reactions occur? 4c. In what part of the chloroplast do The stroma the light-independent reactions occur? 5. Considering your answers to Chlorophyll question 4, what compound is best able to absorb the light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy? 6. What substances are produced Glucose- C₆H₁₂O₆, Oxygen- O₂, and Hydrogen dioxide- H₂O during photosynthesis? Include the name and chemical formula of each substance in your answer. 7. Why is it necessary to have six CO₂ So that there will be 6 Carbons in the glucose entering the chloroplast? In Model 2, what shape or symbol A black dot represents a single electron? 9a. Find two places in Model 2 where At photosystem I and II electrons are released from chlorophyll by a photon of light coming from the sun. 9b. Find one place in Model 2 where The inner thylakoid electrons are released from water molecules. 9c. When the electrons are released H⁺ and O₂ from water molecules, what other products are formed? 10. In Model 2, label the diagram with "A" occurs in Photosystem II, "B" occurs in the ETC, and "C" occurs in the "A", "B", and "C" to indicate where the ATP synthase three steps in the box are occurring. 11. The light-dependent reactions The electrons go against the concentration gradient and then something include an electron transport chain happens system that works in a very similar fashion to the electron transport chain in respiration. Briefly describe how this system works and what job it performs in the light-dependent reactions. (Your answer should include a discussion about concentration gradient.). 12a. Name the embedded protein Photosystem I complex found in the thylakoid membrane that uses excited electrons the reduce NADP+ into NADPH. 12b. Name the embedded protein Photosystem II complex found in the thylakoid membrane that uses excited electrons to the electron transport chain. 12c. Name the embedded protein ATP Synthase complex found in the thylakoid membrane that uses excited electrons. 13a. Once a chlorophyll molecule has Electron transport chain released electrons it is no longer useful until those electrons are replaced. What is the source of replacement electrons for those released from photosystem I? 13b. What is the source of replacement Electrons from the splitting of water electrons for those released from photosystem II? 14. Is carbon dioxide involved in light- No dependent reactions? 15b. 12 water molecules are shown as No, water molecules are not products in the light-dependent reactions of reactants, but six water molecules are photosynthesis. shown as products. Are any of the 12 water molecules products of the lightdependent reactions? 16. Where do the ATP and NADPH Calvin cycle (light-independent cycle) produced during the light-dependent reactions go when the process is complete? 17. What are the three phases of the Carbon fixation, regeneration, reduction. calvin cycle? 20. Explain what happened to the Carbon fixation turns it into PGA carbon atoms from the carbon dioxide molecules that entered the Calvin cycle. 21. What is carbon fixation? Carbon atoms are removed from atmosphere and incorporated I to larger molecules within the plant. 22a. What molecule does the PGA PGA molecule turns into PGAL molecule turn into during the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle? 22b. Describe how the structures if the The PGA molecule loses an oxygen as it turns into PGAL PGA and PGAL are different? 22c. Identify types and numbers of 6 ADP, 6 NADH molecules that provide the free energy necessary for the reduction of the PGA molecule. 23a. How many water molecules are Six produced in the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle? 23b. In the reduction phase of the The oxygen for the water molecule was removed from the PGA as it turned Calvin cycle, water is produced. into PGAL. THe hydrogen atoms came from the conversion of NADPH to Explain where the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in these water NADP molecules originated. 25a. How many PGAL molecules will it Two PGAL molecules will be needed. Each PGAL molecule contains three take to make one moleucle of glucose? carbon atoms, but a glucose molecule contains six carbon atoms 25b. How many turns of the Calvin One cycle will it take to make one molecule of glucose? 26. Where do the ADP and NADP+ go They travel back to the thylakoid to be recycled in the light-dependent after they are used in the Calvin cycle? reaction 27. How do light-dependent and light- 18 ATp molecules and 12 NADPH molecules produced during the light- independent depend on each other. dependent cycle are needed to power the light-independent cycle 29. Throughout photosynthesis, Sunlight → Electrons → ATP → Glucose energy is transferred from light to several molecules increasingly higher potential energy.