University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 103 | Fundamentals of Nursing
Academic year:

2020
Views:

429

Pages:

3
Author:

Karson Orr

HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS Full Cardiac Cycle Diastolic – Amount of pressure in the heart between beats Normal: 60-80mmHg Systolic – Maximum pressure the heart exerts while beating Normal: 90-120mmHg Stroke Volume (SV) – Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per stroke (beat) Normal: 60-120 mL Cardiac Output (CO) – Total blood volume the heart pumps to the circulatory system per minute Formula: CO = how much volume per beat (SV) x how many beats per minute (HR)Normal: 4-8 L/min Cardiac Index (CI) – Used to determine if cardiac output is sufficient for a patient’s size Formula: CO x TBSA (body surface area)Normal: 2.5-4 L/min/m2 Ejection Fraction (EF) – The percentage of blood forced out of the left ventricle with each beat Normal: 50-75% “The heart is pumping out 55% of what’s is inside of the left ventricle with each beat” Preload – Measure of stretching/filling pressure in the heart at the end of diastole How do we measure? We measure using central venous pressure (CVP) Normal CVP: 2-8mmHg Conditions with low preload: Shock, hemorrhage, dehydration - How do we increase preload? o Administration of IV fluids o Vasopressors vasoconstriction increasepreload increaseSV increaseCO Conditions with high preload: Heart failure - How do we decrease preload? o Diuretics o Vasodilators(nitroglycerin) vasodilation decreaseSV decreaseCO Afterload – The pressure/resistance the heart has to pump against in order to eject blood How do we measure? We measure systemic vascular resistance (SVR) Formula: SVR = (MAP – CVP)/CO x 80Normal SVR: 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm Conditions with high SVR: Hypertension, aortic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension - How do we decrease SVR in order to decrease afterload? o ACE/ARBs, vasodilators Conditions with low SVR: Shock, sepsis - How do we increase SVR?o Vasopressors/vasoconstrictors Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) – The average pressure in a patient’s arteries during one cardiac cycle indicates perfusion of organs and tissues Formula: MAP = SBP + 2DBP/3 Normal: 70-100mmHgPulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure – an invasive hemodynamic device that is threaded throughout circulation until it reaches the pulmonary artery “Wedged” into the pulmonary artery to offer precise function for the left side of the heart Normal: 6-12 mmHg