Hemo Function Questions 4

Question2Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity?  T lymphocyte Explanation:T lymphocytes are responsible for delayed allergic reactions, rejection of foreign tissue (e.g., transplanted organs), and destruction of tumor cells. This process is known as cellular immunity. B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. A plasma cell secretes immunoglobulin. A basophil contains histamine and is an integral part of hypersensitivity reactions. Question3Which term refers to the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?  Hematocrit Explanation:Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume consisting of erythrocytes. Differentiation is development of functions and characteristics that differ from those of the parent stem cell. ESR is a laboratory test that measures the rate of settling of RBCs; an elevated rate is indicative of inflammation. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein of RBCs. Question4A client receiving a blood transfusion reports shortness of breath, appears anxious, and has a pulse of 125 beats/minute. What is the best action for the nurse to take after stopping the transfusion and awaiting further instruction from the health care provider?  Ensure there is an oxygen delivery device at the bedside. Explanation:The client is exhibiting signs of circulatory overload. After stopping the transfusion and notifying the healthcare provider, the nurse should place the client in a more upright position with the legs dependent to decrease workload on the heart. The IV line is kept patent in case emergency medications are needed. Oxygen and morphine may be needed to treat severe dyspnea. Administering an anti-anxiety agent is not a priority action over ensuring oxygen is available. Question7The nurse is preparing a patient for a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy from the site of the posterior superior iliac crest. What position will the nurse place the patient in?  Lateral position with one leg flexed Explanation:Bone marrow aspiration procedure. The posterior superior iliac crest is the preferred site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy because no vital organs or vessels are nearby. The patient is placed either in the lateral position with one leg flexed or in the prone position. Question8Place the clotting cascade in the correct order.  Prothrombin activator; Prothrombin; Thrombin; Fibrinogen; Fibrin Explanation:There is an intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathway with various clotting factors unique to each. However, the common clotting cascade is the end result in both pathways. Prothrombin activator form prothrombin, which forms thrombin, then fibrinogen, and finally fibrin. Question9A nurse cares for a client with megaloblastic anemia who had a total gastrectomy three years ago. What statement will the nurse include in the client’s teaching regarding the condition?  “The condition is likely caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency.” Explanation:Vitamin B12 combines with intrinsic factor produced in the stomach. The vitamin B12 –intrinsic factor complex is absorbed in the distal ileum. Clients who have had a partial or total gastrectomy may have limited amounts of intrinsic factor, and the absorption of vitamin B12 may be diminished. Megaloblastic anemia may be caused by a folate deficiency; however, the client’s history of gastrectomy indicates the likely cause is a vitamin B12 deficiency. Megaloblastic anemia causes large erythrocytes (RBCs), not small or rigid.