Hemo Function Questions 5

Question1A nurse is reviewing a client’s morning laboratory results and notes a left shift in the band cells. Based on this result, the nurse can interpret that the client  may be developing an infection. Explanation:Less mature granulocytes have a single-lobed, elongated nucleus and are called band cells. Ordinarily, band cells account for only a small percentage of circulating granulocytes, although their percentage can increase greatly under conditions in which neutrophil production increases, such as infection. An increased number of band cells is sometimes called a left shift or shift to the left. Anemia refers to decreased red cell mass. Leukopenia refers to a less-than-normal amount of white blood cells in circulation. Thrombocytopenia refers to a lower-than-normal platelet count. Question4A patient is undergoing platelet pheresis at the outpatient clinic. What does the nurse know is the most likely clinical disorder the patient is being treated for?  Essential thrombocythemia Explanation:Platelet pheresis is used to remove platelets from the blood in patients with extreme thrombocytosis or essential thrombocythemia (temporary measure) or in a single-donor platelet transfusion. Question5A nurse, caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reviews the client's differential WBC count. What type of WBC will the nurse check the level of?  T lymphocytes Explanation:Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) are WBCs that are the major components of the body's immune response. T cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity, whereas B cells are involved in antibody production. Question6The nurse is caring for a client with hypoxia. What does the nurse understand is true regarding the client’s oxygen level and the production of red blood cells?  The kidneys sense low oxygen levels in the blood and stimulate erythropoietin, stimulating the marrow to produce more red blood cells. Explanation:If the kidney detects low levels of oxygen, as occurs when fewer red cells are available to bind oxygen (as with anemia), erythropoietin levels increase, stimulating the marrow to produce more erythrocytes (red blood cells). Question7A nurse cares for a client who has had a bone marrow aspiration. In addition to the client’s aspiration site, what locations on the body does the nurse recognize as having bone marrow? Select all that apply.  Pelvis; Ribs; Vertebrae; Sternum Explanation:Bone marrow can be found in the pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum. Additionally, bone marrow is found on the spongy end of the femur and humerus long bones. The tibia does not have bone marrow. Question8The nurse is obtaining the health history of a client suspected of having a hematological condition. The nurse notes the client has a history of alcohol abuse. Which clinical presentation is related to alcohol consumption?  Anemia Explanation:Individuals with a history of alcohol consumption may have anemia due to nutritional deficiencies. Myelodysplastic syndrome, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia are not common findings in clients who consume or abuse alcohol. Question9While caring for a client, the nurse notes petechiae on the client’s trunk and lower extremities. What precaution will the nurse take when caring for this client?  Use an electric razor when assisting client with shaving. Explanation:Petechiae are associated with severe thrombocytopenia, placing the client at risk for bleeding. The nurse should use an electric razor when assisting the client with shaving. Elevating the head of the bed and applying supplemental oxygen would be appropriate for a client with decreased oxygenation. Wearing a mask when entering the client’s room would be appropriate for a client with neutropenia, not thrombocytopenia. Question10Which client is not a candidate to be a blood donor according to the American Red Cross?  26-year-old female with hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL Explanation:Clients must meet a number of criteria to be eligible as blood donors, including the following: body weight at least 50 kg; pulse rate regular between 50 and 100 bpm; systolic BP 90– 100 to 180 mm Hg and diastolic 50 to 100 mm Hg; hemoglobin level at least 12.5 g/dL. There is no upper age limit to donation.