Pharmacology Final Review 2020 Part 1

Pharmacology Final Re VIEW 2020 1) A nurse is assessing a client who is taking levothyroxine. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manifestation of levothyroxine overdose? a) Insomnia i) Rationale: Levothyroxine overdose will result in manifestations of hyperthyroidism, which include Insomnia, tachycardia, and hyperthermia. b) Constipation i) Rationale: Constipation is a manifestation of hypothyroidism and indicates an inadequate dose of levothyroxine. c) Drowsiness i) Rationale: Drowsiness is a manifestation of hypothyroidism and indicates an inadequate dose of levothyroxine. d) Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes i) Rationale: Hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes are manifestations of hypothyroidism and indicate an inadequate dose of levothyroxine. 2) A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been on levothyroxine for several months. Which of the following findings indicates a therapeutic response to the medication? a) Decrease in level of thyroxine (T4) i) Rationale: If the dose of this medication has been adequate, the nurse should see an increase in the T4. b) Increase in weight i) Rationale: If the dose of this medication has been adequate, the nurse should see a decrease in weight, as hypothyroidism causes a decrease in metabolism with weight gain. c) Increase in hr of sleep per night i) Rationale: If the dose of this medication has been adequate, the nurse should see a decrease in the hr of sleep per night, as hypothyroidism causes sluggishness with increased hr of sleep. d) Decrease in level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). i) Rationale: In hypothyroidism, the nonfunctioning thyroid gland is unable to respond to the TSH, and no endogenous thyroid hormones are released. This results in an elevation of the TSH level as the anterior pituitary continues to release the TSH to stimulate the thyroid gland. Administration of exogenous thyroid hormones, such as levothyroxine, turns off this feedback loop, which results in a decreased level of TSH. 3) A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which of the following medications can cause glucose intolerance? a) Ranitidine i) Serum creatinine levels b) Guafenesin i) Drowsiness and dizziness c) Prednisone i) Glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia, patient might require increased dosage of hypoglycemic med. d) Atorvastatin i) Thyroid function tests. 4) A nurse is caring for a client receiving mydriatic eye drops. Which of the following clinical manifestations indicates to the nurse that the client has developed a systemic anticholinergic effect? a) Seizures b) Tachypnea c) Constipation i) Mydriatic eye drops can cause systemic anticholinergic effects such as constipation, dry mouth, photophobia, and tachycardia. d) Hypothermia 5) A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is receiving IV furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances? a) Hypernatremia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyponatremia. b) Hyperuricemia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hyperuricemia. The nurse should instruct the client to notify the provider for any tenderness or swelling of the joints. c) Hypercalcemia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypocalcemia. d) Hyperchloremia i) Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client who is receiving IV furosemide for hypochloremia. 6) A nurse is talking to a client who is taking a calcium supplement for osteoporosis. The client tells the nurse she is experiencing flank pain. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse suspect? a) Renal stones 7) A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy for an artificial heart valve. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for a therapeutic effect of warfarin? a) Hemoglobin b) Prothrombin time (PT) i) Rationale: This test is used to monitor warfarin therapy. For a client receiving full anticoagulant therapy,should typically be approximately two to three times the normal value, depending on the indication for therapeutic anticoagulation. c) Bleeding time d) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 8) A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream? a) Glucose b) Ammonia i) Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma. c) Potassium d) Bicarbonate 9) A nurse is educating a group of clients about the contraindications of warfarin therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a) "Clients who have glaucoma should not take warfarin." b) "Clients who have rheumatoid arthritis should not take warfarin." c) "Clients who are pregnant should not take warfarin." i) Rationale: Warfarin therapy is contraindicated in the pregnant client because it crosses the placenta and places the fetus at risk for bleeding. d) "Clients who have hyperthyroidism should not take warfarin." 10)A nurse is teaching a client who takes warfarin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching? a) "I have started taking ginger root to treat my joint stiffness." i) Rationale: Ginger root can interfere with the blood clotting effect of warfarin and place the client at risk for bleeding. This statement indicates the client needs further teaching. b) "I take this medication at the same time each day." i) Rationale: The client should take warfarin at the same time each day to maintain a stable blood level. c) "I eat a green salad every night with dinner." i) Rationale: Green leafy vegetables are a good source of vitamin K, which can interfere with the clotting effects of warfarin. Clients who are taking warfarin do not need to restrict dietary vitamin K intake but rather should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K in order to control the therapeutic effect of the medication. d) "I had my INR checked three weeks ago. i) " Rationale: Clients who have been taking warfarin for more than 3 months should have their INR level checked every 2 to 4 weeks. 11) A patient is starting warfarin (Coumadin) therapy as part of treatment for atrial fibrillation. The nurse will follow which principles of warfarin therapy? (Select all that apply.) a) Teach proper subcutaneous administration b) Administer the oral dose at the same time every day c) Assess carefully for excessive bruising or unusual bleeding d) Monitor laboratory results for a target INR of 2 to 3 e) Monitor laboratory results for a therapeutic aPTT value of 1.5 to 2.5 times the control value 12) Atorvastatin can elevate LFT a) Baseline total cholesterol, LDL and HDL level, triglycerides, and liver and renal function test obtained and then monitored periodically throughout treatment 13) The nurse teaches a client who is recovering from acute kidney disease to avoid which type of medication? a) NSAIDS i) NSAIDs may be nephrotoxic to a client with acute kidney disease, and should be avoided. ACE inhibitors are used for treatment of hypertension and to protect the kidneys, especially in the diabetic client, from progression of kidney disease. Opiates may be used by clients with kidney disease if severe pain is present; however, excretion may be delayed. Calcium channel blockers can improve the glomerular filtration rate and blood flow within the kidney. b) ACE inhibitors c) Opiates d) Calcium channel blockers 14) Which of the following are adverse reactions related to the use of CELECOXIB? Select all that apply a) Rhinitis b) Neutropenia c) Oliguria d) Stomatitis 15) A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is to be started on intravenous rifampin therapy. The nurse should instruct the client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse effects? a) Constipation b) Black colored stools c) Staining of teeth d) Body secretions turning a red-orange color i) Rationale: Rifampin is used in combination with other medicines to treat TB. Rifampin will cause the urine, stool, saliva 16) A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a) A. Check the client's vital signs. i) Rationale: It is possible that the client's nausea is secondary to digoxin toxicity. Assess for bradycardia, a symptom of digoxin toxicity. The nurse should withhold the medication and call the provider if the client's heart rate is less than 60 bpm. b) Request a dietitian consult. c) Suggest that the client rests before eating the meal. d) Request an order for an antiemetic. 17) A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide? a) "Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion. i) Rationale: The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing destroys protection. b) "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for you.” c) "Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over time." d) "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication." 18)A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give? a) "It usually takes heparin at least 2 to 3 days to reach a therapeutic blood level." b) "A pharmacist is the person to answer that question." c) "Heparin does not dissolve clots. It stops new clots from forming." i) Rationale: This statement accurately answers the client's question. d) "The oral medication you will take after this IV will dissolve the clot. 19) A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and has been taking lithium for 1 year. Before administering the medication, the nurse should check to see that which of the following tests have been completed? a) Thyroid hormone assay i) Rationale: Thyroid testing is important because long-term use of lithium may lead to thyroid dysfunction. b) Liver function tests: i) Rationale: LFTs must be monitored before and during valproic acid therapy c) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate i) Rationale: This is not a necessary test related to lithium therapy. d) Brain natriuretic peptide 20) A nurse caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which of the following conditions? a) Asthma i) Rationale: Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is contraindicated in clients who have asthma because it can cause bronchospasms. Propranolol blocks the sympathetic stimulation, which prevents smooth muscle relaxation. b) Glaucoma c) Depression d) Migraines 21) A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for colchicine to treat gout. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Take this medication with food if nausea develops." b) B. "Monitor for muscle pain." i) Rationale: This medication can cause rhabdomyolysis. The client should monitor and report muscle pain. c) "Expect to have increased bruising." d) "Increase your intake of grapefruit juice” 22)A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client? a) "If the medicine causes an upset stomach, take an antacid at the same time." b) "Limit your daily fluid intake while taking this medication." c) "This medication can cause photophobia, so be sure to wear sunglasses outdoors." d) "You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this medication." i) Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to report any tendon discomfort as well as swelling or inflammation of the tendons due to the risk of tendon rupture.