Antibiotics Cheat Sheet

Antibiotics Cheat Sheet 1. Finish meds to prevent super infxn - Take until all med is finished - Do NOT stop when feeling better 2. Accidental pregnancy - Oral contraceptives become ineffective - Use additional contraception like IUD! - “—cycline” CI: pregnancy 3. NO ALCOHOL 4. NO FOOD - Take on EMPTY stomach - Full glass of water - MTF Move The Food - Macrolides “—thromycin” ex: azithromycin - Tetracycline “—cycline” ex: doxycycline - Fluoroquinolones “—floxacin” ex: levofloxacin 5. NO SUN - Photosensitivity - Sunburns wear sunblock - Avoid “direct sun exposure” - Avoid Fun in The Sun - Fluoroquinolones “—floxacin” - Tetracyclines “—cyclines” ex: doxycycline - Sulfa drugs = sun burns 6. SUPER toxic [kidney & ears] most harmful! - “It’s a sin to give -mycin bc they kill the kidney” - Vancomycin - Gentamycin - Neomycin - Report signs of toxicity o Ear damage ototoxicity vertigo (loss of balance) & tinnitus o Kidney damage nephrotoxicity …report right away! Creatinine > 1.3 BUN >20 Urine Output < 30mL/hr - Peak & Trough o Too High Kidneys DIE o Too Low Infection GROWS Sulfonamides SULF…… tx UTIs - Sunburn - Urine crystals/ kidney stones - Love water! 2-3L/day - Folic acid take some - Take w/ food - CI: sulfa allergy, pregnancy, infants <2 months, rash while on glyburide/ diabetes med which can potentiate HYPOglycemic effects Penicillins “—cillins” - Take w/ water NOT juices bc of acidity - Take w/ food if GI upset - Shake well before use - Check for allergy 30 mins after administration - Monitor platelet count! bleeding Cephalosporins “ceph/cef—” - Related to penicillin cross sensitivity/allergy - They cause C. diff ceftriaxone Macrolides “—thromycin” - Tx strep infxns - Best on empty stomach, but can take w/ food if upset GI - Normal SE N/V, fever, ↓ WBCs (infxn is leaving) - AE: o Prolonged QT monitor ECG o Hepatotoxic monitor AST/ALT o Erythromycin yellow sclera & clay color poop Carbapenems “—penems” - AE: seizures - CI: seizure disorders Metronidazole - Metallic taste & dark urine - ETOH avoid alcohol - Treats C. Diff and STI - Rash/skin peeling SJS report! - Oh not so “dazole”ing! - Avoid ETOH during & after 3 BOTH Penicillins AND Cephalosporins days AFTER tx! violent - Can’t mix bc they’re very similar! vomiting and cramping - Both safe in preggos and in breast Linezolid: feeding women - Tx VRE - Clarify order! - Tx hosp. acq infxn MRSA - Anaphylaxis allergy AE o Stop med! - Hypotension o Assess type of reaction first - Vasopressor auscultate lungs - Serotonin syndrome if w/ SSRI o Epi ! - Tyramine food: ride wine, aged cheese Tetracyclines “—cycline” - NOT pregnancy safe! - Tooth discoloration & weakening of bones CI < 8 y/o - Photosensitivity sunburns - Avoid: dairy (things w/ Calcium), antacids, iron - Take on EMPTY stomach! - Sit up 30mins after taking it! - Will need additional birth control! Aminoglycosides “—mycin” - Very potent “it’s my sin to give -mycin” - Check peaks and trough 15-30 BEFORE administration or next dose - Oto/nephro toxicity o Tinnitus o Balance o Ataxia difficulty walking - Very toxic in combo w/ Vancomycin - CI: pts w/ neuromuscular diseases o BUT expected normal SE is muscle ache and cramps … don’t need to stop med or call dr - Notify HCP of increasing BUN & creatine - Note: poor GI absorption so give as injection …. EXCEPT: Neomycin give orally to decontaminate GI before surgical procedure Fluoroquinolones “—floxacin ” - Photosensitivity Avoid sun - Report NEW muscle pain! - Achilles tendon rupture! - Prolonged QT - CI: tendonitis - Ciprofloxacin treats anthrax - NOTE: They don’t affect kidneys!!! -mycins kill the kidneys Glycopeptide Vancomycin - DOC for MRSA! - Infuse slowly over 60 mins - RED MAN SYNDROME o Hypotension o Flushing & pruritus Red rash on face, neck, chest & extremities - No need for anti-nausea meds - Assess site every 30 mins - Monitor BP Anaphylaxis stop med! o Edema (angioedema) o Pruritus & hives o Insp/expirations “wheezes” No effects on: o Mg levels o Mental health status or DTR