General Biology Module 6 Study Guide

MODULE 6 STUDY GUIDE WRITE DEFINITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. ASEPSIS- being free of diseaseproducing microbes, a way of clean. 2. CLEAN TECHNIQUE- Remove or destroy pathogens, prevent pathogens from spreading from one person or place to another person or place. 3. STERILE TECHNIQUE- keeps items free of all microbes, by destroying them all. 4. SURGICAL ASEPSIS- the absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure. 5. MEDICAL ASEPSIS- being concerned with eliminating the spread of microorganisms through facility practices. By practicing hand hygiene, keeping supplies clean, disposing single use items right after. 6. DISINFECTION- the process of destroying pathogens. Spores are not destroyed. 7. STERILIZATION- destroys all non-pathogens and pathogens, including spores. 8. AUTOCLAVE- a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure. 9. CONTAMINATION- s the process of becoming unclean. 10. IMMUNITY- the power to keep yourself from being affected by a disease They have developed. 11. INFECTION- The invasion and growth of germs in the body. The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, fungi, or other microorganisms. Infections can begin anywhere in the body and may spread all through it. An infection can cause numerous diseases. 12. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION- referred to as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are infection(s) acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission. 13. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT- commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and disease. 14. MICROBES- they are tiny living things that are found all around us and are too small to be seen by the naked eye. They live just about anywhere water, soil, food and more. the can be very hazardous or good. 15. PATHOGEN- they are the hazardous part of microbe that can be bacteria, virus that causes disease. 16. NON-PATHOGEN- these are the good bacteria that co habitat with use and are harmful. 17. NORMAL FLORA- associated with the skin and mucous membranes of every human being from shortly after birth until death. ASPORE 18. 19. CARRIER- A person permanently or temporarily immune to a disease-producing organism (pathogen) which is present in his or her body, and which can be passed on to others. 20. VACCINE- biological substance designed to protect humans from infections caused by bacteria and viruses. Giving them immunity. BACTERIA- small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on 21. Earth and are vital to the planet's ecosystems 22. GERMS- A microscopic organism or agent, especially one that is pathogenic, such as a bacterium or virus. 23. W.FUNGI- these are any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. 24. VIRUSES- a small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone. 25. MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ORGANISMS- bacteria that have become resistant to certain antibiotics, and these antibiotics can no longer be used to control or kill the bacteria. Antibiotics are important medicines. They help fight infections that are caused by bacteria. 26. CONTAGIOUS DISEASE- an Infectious disease that is readily spread by transmission of a pathogen through contact (direct or indirect) with an infected person. EXPLAIN AND UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING: 1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFECTIONS  LOCAL INFECTION- An infection that affects only one body part or organ is called a localized infection. SYSTEMIC INFECTION-An infection that is in the bloodstream is called a systemic infection. 2. BASIC ANATOMY OF BODY  HEART- a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.  LUNGS- The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular branches, called bronchi. ... In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood  STOMACH- The stomach is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the esophagus 3. HOW INFECTIONS START - Infectious diseases commonly spread through the direct transfer of bacteria, viruses, or other germs from one person to another. This can happen when an individual with the bacterium or virus touches, kisses, or coughs or sneezes on someone who isn't infected. 4. RULES OF HAND HYGIENE  HAND-WASHING- five steps:  - Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and apply soap. Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Rinse your hands well under clean, running water. KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:  MEDICAL ASEPSIS- the state of being free from disease causing microorganisms. Medical asepsis is concerned with eliminating the spread of microorganisms through facility practices  SURGICAL ASEPSIS- this is also the absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure. Sterile technique is a set of specific practices and procedures performed to make equipment and areas free from all microorganisms and to maintain that sterility. UNDERSTAND STANDARD PRECAUTIONS:  PURPOSE OF GOGGLES- Goggles are the primary protectors intended to shield the eyes against liquid or chemical splash, irritating mists, vapors, and fumes. They form a protective seal around the eyes and prevent objects or liquids from entering under or around the goggles.  PURPOSE OF A MASK- when worn properly, a surgical mask is meant to help block large-particle droplets, splashes, sprays, or splatter that may contain germs (viruses and bacteria), keeping it from reaching your mouth and nose. Surgical masks may also help reduce exposure of your saliva and respiratory secretions to others  PPE (PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT)- is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses. These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards  WHAT ARE BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS? infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). WHAT IS HEPATITIS B? WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE HEPATITIS B VACCINATION? Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a liver disease that can cause mild illness lasting a few weeks, or it can lead to a serious, lifelong illness. The vaccine works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the disease. 