Endocrine System - Lecture Note

Endocrine System System endocrine on man built by a number gland endocrine (clogged gland) Which spread in places certain in body. Gland This produce One or a number of hormone Which ends direct to in vessels blood. Hormone is compound organic Which made in in body by cells certain, released by gland endocrine, required in amount Which very small, but own ability Work Which big For look after function normal body (like homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, And Act in demand). Hormone originate from say homein Which It means spur. Generally hormone Work on part body certain Which called organ target. 1. Miscellaneous System Endocrine on Man In in body man there is a number of gland endocrine, that is gland hypothalamus, gland pituitary (hypophysis glands), gland goiter (thyroid), gland child goiter (parathyroid), And gland kidneys (adrenal or suprarenal). Besides That, there is also gland pancreas (gland langerhans), gland nuts (thymus gland), glands endocrine on intestines And stomach, as well as gland sex. a. Gland Hypothalamus Hypothalamus besides works as a regulator in the nervous system, also has a role as a gland endocrine by secreting various hormone Which own influence on pituitary. A number of hormone Which generated by hypothalamus And secreted by pituitary, that is ADH, TrH, And oxytocin. b. Gland Pituitary (Gland Pituitary) Gland pituitary This Work control gland dead end other so that often called gland main ( master glands ). Gland pituitary located in lower brain big And is something bulge as big as item peanut land. Pituitary Work in lower influence substance chemistry Which generated by part hypothalamus. Gland pituitary produce hormones Which used For function Which different. Hormone the influence gland endocrine other. Hormone Which generated by gland pituitary is hormone somatorofin (STH), hormone prolactin, hormone thyrotrophin, hormone adenotrophin, And hormone gonadotrophins. 1) Hormon Somatotrofin (STH) Hormone somatotrophin called hormone growth or growth hormones . Lack hormone This will cause dwarfism ( dwarfism ). On the contrary, excess of this hormone at a young age will result growth giant ( giantism ). If excess hormone on age mature, will result acromegaly, that is happen thickening on bone face, skull, finger hand, And foot. 2) Hormone Prolactin Hormone This works For stimulate secretion water milk from gland milk or mamae. Hormone prolactin Which injected on bird Which No lay eggs will show behavior period lay eggs. 3) Hormone Thyrotrophin Hormone thyrotrophin works stimulate secretion gland thyroid. 4) Hormone Adenotrophin Hormone This works For control secretion gland child kidney. 5) Hormone Gonadotrophins Hormone gonadotrophins can form FSH or follicle stimulating hormones. Besides That, can form hormone Luteinzing L.H. , hormone ADH or anti diuretic hormones, And oxytocin. On individual female, FSH works For stimulate growth follicles in ovaries And influence series incident in cycle menstruation. On the other hand, in male individuals, FSH is used for influence testicles so that produce sperm. On individual female, LH works For stimulate follicles ovaries And ovulation as well as influence incident menstruation. Temporary That, on In male individuals, LH results in the appearance of secondary genitalia. As for hormone ADH influence Power absorb (absorption) water from And to in blood. Oxytocin influence contraction early womb on moment baby will born. c. Gland Goiter (Thyroid) Gland This amount pair And located on part neck in adjacent left And right trachea part on (base throat). Gland thyroid produce hormone thyroxine. Hormone This works For influence development body, arrangement process chemical in body, And development mentally. Excess hormone thyroxine will result process in body Which excessive (hypermetabolism) Which known with term morbus basedon. The symptoms form increasing pulse heart, happen nervousness, nervous more fast And No regular, mouth gaping, And eye glared. Excess thyroxine hormone in growing age results in growth giant. Lack hormone thyroxine will cause cessation growth. Lack hormone thyroxine on children will cause growth small (cretinism) And setback mentally. On the contrary, lack hormone thyroxine on age mature cause lower process chemical body, activity circulation blood decrease, as well as muscle become mushy And tired. Iodine is material important For hormone thyroxine. Iodine enter to body We through food. Lack iodine cause formation hormone thyroxine disturbed And on Finally give rise to disease goiter. d. Gland Child Goiter (Parathyroid) This gland is located near the lower thyroid gland. Hormones that generated is parathormone Which works arrange rate calcium And phosphate in in blood. Lack hormone This can cause symptom convulsions muscle. If rate parathormone excessive, can result tumor parathyroid. e. Gland Child Kidney (Adrenal/Suprarenal) Gland This located in part on kidney And many pair. Gland adrenals divided become two part, that is part outside (cortex) And part in (medulla). Part cortex kidney produce hormone thyroxine. Deficiency of this hormone can cause disease Addison with symptoms of skin becoming red and able to give rise to death. Part medulla produce hormone adrenaline. As for The function of this hormone is to constrict the vessels blood so that increase pressure blood. As a result, activity heart driven. Besides That, change sugar muscle or glycogen become sugar blood or glucose, as well as relax muscle bronchioles so that a relief Respiratory. Flavor Afraid or surprised can also give rise to stimulation on part medulla This so that produce adrenaline Which more Lots. Matter This be marked with pulse heart Which fast. In side That, eye f. widened And hair neck or hair Rome vertical. Gland Pancreas (Gland Langerhans) Pancreas located in part lower stomach. Gland pancreas is gland endocrine Which produce hormone, at a time is gland exocrine Because produce enzyme digestion. Gland pancreas produce hormone insulin. Hormone This works For change sugar blood become sugar muscle. Work hormone insulin opposite (antagonist) with hormone adrenaline. With thereby, hormone insulin together hormone adrenaline arrange rate sugar blood so that still balanced. g. Gland Nuts (Glandula thymus) Gland nuts located in cavity chest And attached in behind bone chest. Gland This make hormone somatotropin Which useful For growth. If lack hormone This on time young, will stop process growth body, Then show symptom cretinism (stuntism). On the contrary, If time young excess hormone This, will shows symptoms of gigantism (growing giant). If hormone This works on person mature will give rise to acromegaly, that is growth end- end bone pipe to direction side. h. Gland Endocrine in Intestines and Stomach Intestines 12 finger (duodenum) produce hormone secretin And cholecytokinin. Hormone secretin stimulate secretion carbohydrate (HCO 3 ) by channel bile And reduces the secretion of gastric juice. Cholecytokinin stimulates the pancreas to produce sap pancreas. Gland stomach can produce hormone gastrin Which works For spur secretion i. sap stomach And strengthen contraction muscles stomach. Hormone Sex Maturation function from tools sex new formed on period puberty (akil puberty) be marked with ovaries or testicles Which start produce Ovum or sperm Which ripe. Puberty on man generally started on age 11 year. ICSH ( Intersistiel Cell Stimulating Hormones ), Wrong One hormone Which generated by gland pituitary role in maturation the. ICSH stimulate testicles (fruit penis) For disturbing androgens or testosterone. Hormone This role stimulate maturation cells sex man (sperm), And development characteristic features sex secondary, like growth hair (sex, moustache, beard), voice grow, And widening shoulder. Puberty on woman generally happen more beginning compared to with on man, that is around age 10 year. Period puberty triggered by hormone Which generated gland pituitary, that is FSH ( Follicle Stimulating Hormones ) And LH ( Luteinizing Hormones ). Both of them stimulate follicles And body yellow in in birth egg (ovaries) to secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen responsible for maintaining the function of the genital organs and stimulating development endometrium as well as spur growth characteristic features sex secondary woman, like growth hair on sex, enlargement breast (gland milk), accumulation fat in part certain (shoulder, hips, thigh) so that give impression apparition form body Which typical. Hormone progesterone generated by body yellow ( corpus luteum ) role in formation And maintenance placenta, production water milk And in a way general prepare as well as look after condition pregnancy. On woman role hormone in development sex This more complex, for example in cycle menstruation, pregnancy, And labor. Matter This will discussed simultaneously with discussion about tool contraception in a way more detailed on chapter furthermore about system production.