Root And Steam Structure

Root and Steam Structure Organ on plant level tall consists on root, stem, leaf, flower, seed, And fruit. Every organ on plant own function certain Which special, but they each other relate And each other support each other other 1. structure part in root, You can observe it with method make slice transverse on something part root. Following will outlined every part from anatomy root. Roots Roots as organs in plants formed from a number of network Which different. The main function of the root organ in plants, namely as a means of absorbing water, nutrition various salt mineral Which dissolved in in land, And reinforcement plant onplace growing. On plant level tall, that is dicot and monocots have roots root true . Naming This based on exists difference with structure root Which there is on plant level low, for example moss. What Which intended with root true? Root own structure Which very strong, matter This proven with his abilities Forbreaking through several layers of soil hard. The roots of dicotyledonous plants can spread very Far from place growing. On rubber plant, the roots can be penetrate wall until a number of meters from place growing. Ability pen- street root This possible plant take various types of nutrients from around place growing. Ability root For break through layer land This caused Because root own layer protector Which called calyptra (hood root). Kaliptra can we find it in plant roots monocot nor dicot. Part root divided become structure outside And structure in. Structure outside root consists on hood root, stem root, branching root (only on dicotyledon), And feathers root . Temporary That, structure part in root (anatomy root) formedby network epidermis, cortex, endodermis, And stele a. (cylinder center). Parts root the arranged sequentially from outside to in. For know Epidermis Network epidermis root is layer Which only consists from One layer cell. Circumstances cells Which compile epidermis root very meeting, but Because wall cell the epidermis thin, root easy penetrated by water. Water And salts mineral Which dissolved in inside enter First time through hairs root, part in between epidermis root, or through wall cell epidermis root That Alone. Hair root is results from protrusion epidermis Which direction to outside. With existshairs root This so surface wall cell will the more increase wide, so that process absorption water will more efficient. Network epidermis on root plant No contain cuticle. On plant orchid there is root Which called root hanging (root air) . Root air This can develop become velamen , that is network Which only consists on a number of ply cell. b. Cortex The cortex is the inner part of the root which is composed of various cells form a number of layer. On cortex This there is network parenchyma, collenchyma, And sclerenchyma. Cortex arranged by cells Which the arrangement loose, Which produce room in between the cells called cavity intercell. Cavity intercell beneficial For processexchange gas. The walls cell shaper cortex the situation thin, matter This give smoothness on process exchange gas. In side That, in in cell cortex sometimes there is details substance flour. c. Endodermis Endodermis is part from network root Which consists on One layer cell. On direction radial And transversal layer wall cell endodermis there is thickening _ generated from precipitate substance Which called suberin . Substance suberin (cork) own characteristic tight water (No can penetrated). Thickening on wall cell network endodermis visible form dot, dot, dot Which called point caspary . Row point caspary furthermore form tape caspary . Thickening by layer cork cause wall the cell hard For passed water, whereas water must through layer endodermis so that reach cylinder center. By Because That, water take road other, that is through layer endodermis Which the wall No experience thickening. Cells endodermis Which wall the cell No experience thickening This called cell successor . With exists cell successor, water can reach cylinder center without must experience obstacle other. Viewed from location, endodermis own role For passing by water Which contains nutrients from the cortex to the central cylinder. Therefore, endodermis own form And arrangement cell Which typical. d. Stars (Cylinder placed) Cylinder center formed by files carrier And a number of network other. File carrier Which form cylinder center, that is xylem, phloem, And pericycle. Location xylem And phloem on cylinder center plant monocot interspersed arranged in a way regular so that form fingers or radial (shaped circle). On plant dicot, the xylem located in center root And the phloem surround xylem. By Because that's, layer This called cylinder center. On plant dicot, in between xylem And the phloem there is layer cambium. Function layer cambium to direction outside that is For form part skin, whereas to direction in For form part wood. Besides to four layer root in on, on layer outermost from root, that is inlayer outermost cylinder center, Also there is pericycle or pericambium . Pericycle This is network special Which works For form branching on root. 2. Steam The main function of stems in plants is place passing by water Which has absorbed root going to leaf, sustain branch And leaf, determine system location leaf, And as place reserve food. Parts stem plant dicot own equality with parts Which there is on the roots. However thereby, there is Also difference in between both of them. Difference This seen from form morphology between stems and roots. On the stem there is segment And leaf, whereas on root No there are segments and leaves. Rather, at the roots there is hair And hood root, whereas on leaf No there is hair And hood root. However, both of them in a way morphology own equality, that is both of them own branching. always experience growth elongated. Matter This caused on part end stem there is point grow or network meristem stem. For explain process growth on stem there is two theory, that is theory histogen from Hanstein , And theory tunica corpus fromSchmidt . Theory Histogen According to theory This, on stem there is three layer point grow, that is point grow on layer outside Which form epidermis called dermatogen , point grow on layer middle For form cortex , Which called periblem , And point grow part in For form stele called plerom . Theory Tunic Corpus On branching stem often time there is buds Which located inpart side stem. Buds This later is element shaper branch. Stem on plant angiosperms divided become three type. Third type stem This become base For classify plant the. Third type stem That, that is calmus (type stem on plant grass), herbaseus ( type stem Which watery ), And type stem Which woody. Type stem herbaseus different from stem Which woody in matter No exists bracelets xylem. Stem herbaseus only strengthened by group cell sclerenchyma in between phloem And the cortex, whereas stem woody Because own bracelet- bracelet xylem, the stem nature more strong And tough. Other case with stem calmus Which own cavity so that the situation more weak If compared to with stem type herbaseus. Stems are plant organs that Different with theory histogen, theory tunica corpus state that point growth on plant divided become two layer, that is point grow layeredge And point grow layer in. On part edge according to theory This consists from cells Which active do division Which cause exists expansion on part point grow. These cells called tunica . In part in there is cells Which active split to all direction And do process differentiation. Cells This called corpus Which location always is at in adjacent in tunica. Based on the nature of growth, branching in stems and roots differentiated become growth exogenous And endogenous . Growth exogenous , that is growth candidate branch stem Which appear in between will leaf in part lower point grow, whereas growth endogenous happen growth candidate branch root Which grow consequence exists activity pericycle or pericambium. By anatomy, structure root And stem No too Far different. Difference both of them only in matter There is or not endodermis. On root there is layer endodermis, whereas on stem No there is layer endodermis. Arrangement layer stem from outside to in, that is epidermis, cortex, And stele (cylinder center). a. Epidermis Same case with Which there is on root, layer epidermis stem formed by One layer cell Which the arrangement meeting And No own room intercell. On wall cell adjacent outside there is layer cuticle Which useful For protect stem from drought. In old plant tissue, there is cork cambium replace function network primary. On cambium cork there is gap Which called lenticels , as place happen activity exchange gas. Epidermis stem can form derivative (derivative), between other can become cell silica And cell cork .Incident This Lots happen on epidermis stem sugarcane. b. Cortex Layer cortex on stem arranged by cells parenchyma Which circumstances the wall thin. Cells parenchyma on cortex stem No orderly so that result Lots room in between the cells. Besides cell parenchyma, cortex also pregnant collenchyma And sclerenchyma . Second cell This works For support And strengthen stem. Cells Which there is in part in cortex contain starch. Cells This called sarong flour ( floeotherma ). c. Stars (Cylinder placed) Cylinder center stem there is in part in cortex. In part the outermost there is layer Which called pericycle . Cylinder center This contain cells parenchyma And files vessels transport, that is xylem And phloem. Based on location xylem And phloem on stem, file vessels transport differentiated become five type, that is collateral open, collateral closed, bicollateral,ampivasal, And ampicribal . File vessel transport called collateral open, when put phloem to be at side outside xylem and at between xylem and the phloem be found layers cambium. File vessel transport like this a lot be found on most plants dicotyledonous. File vessels collateral closed, that is phloem located in adjacent outside xylem, but in between xylem And phloem No there is layer cambium. Xylem And phloem shrouded by layer sclerenchyma. Type file vessels like This there is onmost plant monocot. On type file vessels transport Which called bicollateral other Again. Type file vessels transport it own phloem outside And phloem in as well as own xylem Which is at in among them. File vessels This Lots found on plant familia Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae , And Apocynaceae. Type file vessels ampivasal, that is type file vessels Which circumstances location the xylem surround phloem. Type This Lots found on plant Cordyline And Acorus. Type fifth that is type file vessels ampicribal, own phloem Which surround xylem. File vessels like This Lots there is on plantPteridophytes (ferns).