Structure And Function Cell

Structure And Function Cell Before we learn about cells and their parts, we must know moreover formerly like is cell  Cell can analogous like factory chemistry.  Cell bring material standard molecule organic, like sugar or salt inorganic, ie nitrate And phosphate.  Cell use material standard for form molecule new, like proteins, in where cell can use it For its interests or send it to part body other. Plasma cell or cytoplasm And core cell or nucleus. Cytoplasm consists from medium semiliquid Which called cytosol, Which in inside there is organelles with form And function Which specialized. Structurally, cells are divided into two main groups, namely cells prokaryotic And cell eukaryotic. Naming eukaryotes And prokaryotes This based by There is or not membrane on nucleus. Organism Which No own membrane nucleus called organism prokaryotes, whereas organism Which own membrane nucleus called organism eukaryotes . Say prokaryotes originate from Language Greece, that is pro And karyon. Pro means before and karyon means cell nucleus. Likewise terms eukaryotes originate from say eu And karyon. Eu It means Actually And karyon It means core cell. On cell eukaryotic Which own membrane nucleus, fluid in nucleus (nucleoplasm) separated with fluid Which is at in outside nucleus (cytoplasm). 1. Membrane Membrane plasma or membrane cell on cell animal is layer Which most outside which limits the contents of the cell with environment in surroundings, whereas membrane plasma on cell plant there is in between wall cell with fill cell the. Function main membrane plasma, that is as regulator Then cross various substance Which go out And substance Which enter from And to in cell in a way selective permeable. With magnification Which very strong can is known that membrane plasma consists from two layer. Thickness each layer between 2.5 until 3.5 nm (1 nm = 10 -5 mm), second layer That separated by something layer bright thick± 3.5 nm so that thick membrane plasma in a way whole can reach ± 10 nm. Membrane cell or membrane plasma arranged from two layer lipoproteins, namely compounds lipids Which contain proteins. Lipids on membrane plasma especially form phospholipids, glycolipids, And sterols. Every molecule lipids consists from part "head" form glycerol nature hydrophilic or capable tie molecule water, And part "tail" form sour fat Which nature hydrophobic or reject molecule water. Comparison proteins with lipids on membrane plasma depend on species And environment his life, but average content proteins range between half until two thirds part from heavy dry membrane plasma the. Molecule proteins Which there is on surface in nor surface outside Plasma membranes are called extrinsic proteins or peripheral proteins in nature hydrophilic. Temporary That, molecule proteins Which penetrate from surface in to surface outside named proteins intrinsic or proteins integral . Parts proteins intrinsic Which sunk in in layer lipids nature hydrophobic And part Whichsticking out to surface tend nature hydrophilic. There is polysaccharides Which bound on molecules proteins membrane plasma the add characteristic hydrophilic on second surface membrane plasma. Characteristic hydrophilic on second side membrane plasma cause membrane plasma nature selective permeable so that There is molecules Which only can pass membrane from outside to in cell, or only can pass membrane from in to outside cell just. However, There is also molecule Which can pass membrane from in to outside cell nor on the contrary. For example, membrane will let substance Which useful, like O 2 And glucose to in cell. Membrane Also will let substance Which No useful, like CO 2 For leave cell. Besides That, membrane will guard substance poison For enter to in cell through structure molecule Which he has. 2. Cytoplasm Term cytoplasm used For state protoplasm Which there is in outside nucleus. So, cytoplasm covers substance Which is at in in cell, but in outside nucleus. Cytoplasm This consists from matrix or cytosol Which transparent, And a number organelles, that is structure Which own membrane separator to matrix in around him. Biggest pary from matrix is water And the rest form substances organic, for example carbohydrate, fat, And proteins as well as various type substance inorganic. System colloid consists from medium form water And micelle, that is particles Which spread in inside. System This in in cytoplasm own viscosity who can changed from circumstances runny or easy flow (phase sole) become circumstances thick Which difficult flow (phase gel). So also on the contrary, that is from phase gel become phase sole. Change phase This caused it changed rate water And arrangement particle- particle in in cytoplasm. 3. Nucleus Term cytoplasm used For state protoplasm Which there is in outside nucleus. So, cytoplasm covers substance Which is at in in cell, but in outside nucleus. Cytoplasm This consists from matrix or cytosol Which transparent, And a number organelles, that is structure Which own membrane separator to matrix in around him. Part biggest from matrix is water And the rest form substances organic, for example carbohydrate, fat, And proteins as well as various type substance inorganic. System colloid consists from medium form water And micelle, that is particles Which spread in inside. System This in in cytoplasm own viscosity who can changed from circumstances runny or easy flow (phase sole) become circumstances thick Which difficult flow (phase gel). So also on the contrary, that is from phase gel become phase sole. Change phase This caused it changed rate water And arrangement particle- particle in in cytoplasm. Component main compiler chromosome is proteins base Which called histones And sour nucleic in form sour deoxyribonucleate (DNA). DNA is substance genetics carrier traits descendants. In in cell Which No currently experience process division, there is chromosome Which very fine And long ones normal called as chromatin. Amount chromosome on cell various species very varied, amount the generally still on every species. Nucleolus is body Which shaped round And only looks after the end process division cell. Body This works on formation type sour nucleic Which other, that is sour ribonucleate (RNA). 4. Ribosomes Ribosomes is something particle nucleoprotein, that is compound proteins with molecule sour ribonucleate (RNA). On cells eukaryotic, every ribosome own diameter size around 20 nm, whereas on cells prokaryotic the size more small. Part organelle This attached on membrane reticulum endoplasm form groups Which called polysomes, whereas Which the rest spread free in in cytosol even often time there is also in organelle other like mitochondria And chloroplast. Organelles This role on synthesis proteins And stages _ synthesis proteins. 5. Reticulm Endoplasm Reticulum endoplasm (RE) arranged from partner membrane or membrane Which parallel And form something system Which spread in all over part cytoplasm. There is spaces Which formed in between partner membrane Which parallel cause system RE looks like channels Which complicated, And in a number of place system This relate with membrane plasma And membrane nucleus. On surface outside membrane RE there is rows ribosome. However, No all over RE own row ribosome. RE Which No own ribosome role on synthesis fat And steroids. Results synthesis the furthermore will secreted to in channel RE Forlifted to parts cell other, that is to body golgi, vacuole, or issuedfrom cell in a way exocytosis. 6. Lysosomes Lysosomes including organelle Which very small in comparison other organelles, generally in diameter between 0.2 until 0.5 m m. Organelles This generated by body golgi And Lots distributed in the cytoplasm of cells animal, especially on cells gland, And cells blood white Which nature phagocytes, Also there is on mold And protists. In in lysosomes there is many kinds of enzyme hydrolytic Which role in digestion intracellular as parser various substance in in cell. Substance the part originate from outside, for example polysaccharides, fat, And proteinsincluding Also bacteria Which arrested in a way phagocytes. Part Again substance the form organelles Which Already No used, even cells Which damaged or dead. In this way, the materials can be reused for growth cells Which new. 7. Mitochondria Mitochondria are round, oval, or stem with diameter ranges from 0.5 – 1.0 m m and long between 1 – 2 m m. Organelles This found in all eukaryotic cells with amount diverse. On cell Whichhis activities tall like cell nerve Andcell muscle, obtained mitochondria inamount hundreds until thousand. On algae, Chlorella for example only there is A mitochondria ber- size big Which branching, whereas on cell blood red No there is mitochondria. Mitochondria own two ply membrane, that is membrane in And membrane outside. Membrane in own folds to direction in Which called Krista And works on process respiration cell. On process respiration cell This, surface membrane in will expands . Inner membrane covered by membrane outside Which structure- his The same with membrane plasma And acts as an exit regulator entry substances chemistry from And to incell. 8. Chloroplast Chloroplast is Wrong One form plastids, that is organelle Which wrapped by two ply membrane And contain pigment Which part big is chlorophyll or substance green leaf. Besides That, in in chloroplast there is also pigmentsother Which classified carotenoids, that is caryoten Which give color orange And xanthophyll For color yellow. Form chloroplast resemble disc with diameter 5 – 10 m m And thickness between 2 – 4 m m. Organelles This found on cells photosynthesis plant And a number of type algae. In in membrane wrapping chloroplast there is grana (single: granum), that is stack pockets Which each containing pigment chlorophyll, carotenoids, Also proteins And fat 9. Micro body Organelles Which limited by layer membrane This shaped round with diameter range between 0.5 mmm until 1.5 mmm. Body micro is organelle Which generated from endoplasmic reticulum and does not have internal structure. There are two kinds of bodies important microorganisms, namely peroxisomes and glyoxysomes . Peroxisomes is organelle Which on plant there is in in network photosynthesis And relate direct with chloroplast, whereas on animal there is in in cell- cell heart And kidney. Organelles This contain a number of enzyme metabolism like enzyme sour glycosylate And H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) Which works on Suite photorespiration cell plant. Hydrogen peroxide Which generated from a number of reaction biochemistry in in cell plant nor animal This nature poison. Furthermore, will outlined by enzyme catalase Which Also there is in in peroxisomes become compound Which No poisonous. Glyoxysomes containing enzyme Which works For elaborate molecules fat become carbohydrate during germination, in reaction This even generated H 2 O 2 Which will outlined by enzyme catalase. 10. Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton works as frame on cell like case frame on body man. Cytoskeleton give form on cell And help transportation ingredients in in cell. Cytoskeleton divided become three type, that is microtubules, microfilament, And filament intermediate.