Classification Of Bacteria

Classification of Bacteria Bacteria in the form of cocci (round) a. Gram positive cocci bacteria (14 Groups) Aerobic: Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc Anaerobic: Methanosarcina, Thiosarcina, Sarcina, Ruminococcus b. Gram negative cocci bacteria Aerobics: Neisseria, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Paracoccus (10 Groups) Anaerobic: Veillonella, Acidaminococcus Megasphaera, (11 Groups). 1. Chemolithotrophic Aerobic Gram Negative Bacteria (12 Groups) Aerobic: Nitrobacter, Nitrospira, Nitrococcus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosolobus. These bacteria generally play a role in nitrification process in the soil. Thiobacillus, Sulfolobus', Thiobacterium, Thiovolum is a bacteria that plays a role in the sulfur oxidation process in natural. 2. Enveloped Bacteria (3 Groups) Aerobics: Sphaerotilus, Leptothrix, Cladothrix, Crenothrix. Sphaerotilus bacteria usually live in waterways. Leptothrix and Cladothrix are bacteria that are capable of oxidizing iron or causing corrosion. 3. Facultative Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacteria (8 Groups) Facultative anaerobic: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella. Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Serratia, Erwinia, Yersinia, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Photobacterium. 4. Obligate Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacteria (9 Groups) Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia 5. Methanogens and Archaebacteria (13 Groups) a. Obligate Anaerobics: Methanobacterium, Methanothermus, Methanosarcina, Methanothrix, Methanococcus. This bacteria is a methane producer (CH4) from the anaerobic breakdown of organic materials. b. Aerobic: Halobacterium, Halococcus, Thermoplasma. There are these bacteria can survive at high salt levels and some are resistant to temperatures tall. c. Anaerobic: Thermoproteus, Pyrodictium, Desul~orococcus. Curved-Shaped Bacteria 1. Spiral and Curved Gram Negative Bacteria (6 Groups) Aerobics: Spirillum, Aquaspirillum, Azospirillum, Oceanospirillum, Campylobacter, Bdellovibrio, Microcyclus, Pelosigma. Azospirillum bacteria are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can associated with gramineae plants including rice plants. Bacteria Bdellovibrio are bacteria that can live as parasites in bacterial cells others (bacterial parasites). 2. Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacteria (9 Groups) Anaerobic: Desulfovibrio, Succinivibrio, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonas. Desulfovibrio bacteria is one of the bacteria that is able to reduce sulfate. 3. Spiro Chaeta (5 Groups) Aerobic and anaerobic: Spirochaeta, Cristispira, Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira. This bacteria is in the form of a thin, threaded thread. Cell walls are thin and flexible. These bacteria can move by contracting cells along the cell line. The cells are 0.13 p, x 4-8 p. Bacteria belonging to special groups 1. Creeping/Sliding Bacteria (2 Groups) This bacteria can creep even though it does not have flagella. These bacteria are always active gram negative. In this group include some blue algae, some chemoorganotrophic bacteria and some sulfur bacteria. Group The bacteria that are members of the creeping (gliding) bacteria are as follows: a. Bacteria containing intracellular sulfur, thread-shaped. Example: Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, Achromatium. b. Sulfur-free bacteria, forming trichomes (hairs). Example: Vitreoscilla, Leucothrix, Saprospira. c. Unicellular bacteria, short rods. Examples: Cytophaga, Flexibacter, Myxobacteria. c. Phototrophic bacteria that move around. Example: Chloroflexus. d. Creeping cyanobacteria. Example: Oscillatoria. Myxobacteria Bacteria including myxobacteria have very thin cell walls and flexible. This bacteria is gram negative, and can move gliding. Form cells are generally elongated (spoel) with pointed ends. In its life cycle can form fruiting bodies, which are collections of cells differentiate. Fruit body size is less than 1 mm. 2. Stemmed or Budding Bacteria (4 Groups) This bacteria has a stalk or shoot-like structure which isprotrusions from cells, or the result of mucus discharge. Example: Hypomicrobium,Caulobacter, Prosthecomicrobium, Ancalomicrobium, Gallionella, Nevskia. 3. Obligate Parasitic Bacteria: Rickettsiae and Chlamydiae (18 Groups) Is the smallest bacteria, but larger than viruses,namely 0.3x2. Pleomorphic cell shape , can be rods, cocci, or filaments.These bacteria live as true parasites (obligate parasites) in cellsother bodies and are pathogenic. It lives intracellularly in the cytoplasm and animal and human cell nuclei. Therefore, this group of bacteria is causes disease, which is usually transmitted by insect vectors. Example: 4. Mycoplasma (Class Molli cutes) (19 Groups) Mycoplasma is also called PPLO (Pleuropneumonia Like Organisms). The characteristicsthat is, they do not have a cell wall, or are the L form of true bacteria(Eubacteria) or the speroplast form of eubacterial cells, so their properties are similartrue bacteria. Mycoplasma measures 0.001-7. Generally greater thanRickettsiae and can be painted with aniline paint. Its way of life is as a saprophyte or pathogen. Example:Mycoplasma mycoides, M. homonia, M. orale, Acholeplasma, Spiroplasma. 5. Phototrophic Anoxygenic Anaerobic Bacteria (Group 1) These bacteria have photosynthetic pigmented characteristics. Some are in the form of cocci,rods, and curves. Based on their physiological properties, they can be divided into:Family Thiorhodaceae (purple sulfur bacteria). Example: Thiospirillum sp.,Chromatium sp. Family Thiorhodaceae/ Rhodospirillaceae (non-purple). Examples: Rhodospirillum, Rhodopseudomonas. Family Chlorobiaceae(bacteria green sulfur). Examples: Chlorobium, Chloropseudomonas, Chlorochromatium.