Assignment Healty, Nutritions And Balance Food

Task 1 : How healthy, nutritious and balanced food in human body? Food substances are also called biomolecules because they are molecule biochemical compounds or molecules that are needed to live well (= life; = compounds). These food substances can be grouped according to the amount needed by living things, namely macro food substances and micro food substances. Macro food substances, namely food substances that the body needs in large quantities, include carbohydrates, protein, fat and water. Micro nutrients, namely food substances that the body needs in small quantities, include vitamins and minerals. 1. Carbohydrates (Charcoal Hydrates) The body feels weak and lacks energy when hungry, which can hinder activity. Don't let hunger linger, eat immediately so your body can regain its energy.Carbohydrates are one of the food substances that produce energy. Are there other functions of carbohydrates?Carbohydrates have several functions for the body, including the following. a. The main source of energy and cannot be replaced with other energy sources in several organs, namely the brain, eye lens and nerve cells. b. Maintains acid and alkaline balance in the body. c. Helps the process of calcium absorption. d. Ingredients that form other chemical compounds, for example fat and protein. e. Playing an important role in character reduction, for example, carbohydrates with five C atoms are components of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). If described, it turns out that carbohydrates only consist of 3 elements, namely carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). There are many compounds including carbohydrates, ranging from simple compounds to compounds with a molecular weight of 500,000 or more. Carbohydrates have a very important function, namely as the main source of energy for the body. By consuming enough carbohydrates we can get energy to carry out various daily activities. Therefore, to meet our carbohydrate needs, we must consume foods that contain carbohydrates. In the body, carbohydrates undergo metabolism.The results of carbohydrate digestion are monosaccharides, glucose, fructose and galactose. The results of digestion will be vein absorbed by the intestinal capillaries and then transported to the liver by hepatitisportae. Fructose and galactose are converted into glucose, then in the liver converted into glycogen. Converting glucose into glycogen is the body's attempt to maintain blood sugar balance. If there is excess glucose in the blood, the excess glucose will be stored in the muscles and liver in the form of glycogen. Consuming foods that contain carbohydrates will cause a feeling of fullness and produce energy for activities. Every 1 gram of carbohydrates will be oxidized in the body to produce 4.2 calories of energy. Excessive carbohydrate consumption will be converted by the liver into glycogen and fat. This fat is then stored in the body, causing obesity 2. Proteins Protein is an important element in the body because it is the main component in the formation of enzymes which function as biocatalysts. Protein is also a building component of the body, such as nails and hair. Apart from that, proteins have the following functions. a. For growth, repair and maintenance of cellsbody. b. Is a source of energy, every 1 gram of protein produces 4.1 calories of energy. c. Constituents of hormones, antibodies and other organelles. d. Maintain acid base balance in the body. e. Protoplasm constituent Basically, proteins are composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sometimes contain sulfur (S) or phosphorus (P). These elements are arranged in the basic structure of proteins.Protein can be obtained from various food sources. Based on their origin, proteins can be divided into two as follows. a. Animal protein, comes from animals. Generally contains complete protein, found in fish, meat, milk, eggs, insect larvae, bees, grasshoppers, moths, pupae, and others. b. Vegetable protein, comes from plants. Vegetable protein is found in nuts, vegetables and grains.In general, vegetable protein contains incomplete protein, except for legumes, namely soybeans. Basically, proteins are composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sometimes contain sulfur (S) or phosphorus (P). These elements are arranged in the basic structure of proteins.Protein can be obtained from various food sources. Based on their origin, proteins can be divided into two as follows. a. Animal protein, comes from animals. Generally contains complete protein, found in fish, meat, milk, eggs, insect larvae, bees, grasshoppers, moths, pupae, and others. b. Vegetable protein, comes from plants. Vegetable protein is found in nuts, vegetables and grains. In general, vegetable protein contains incomplete protein, except for legumes, namely soybeans.Protein cannot be stored in the body so if there is an excess it will immediately be thrown away or converted into other substances.Waste substances resulting from the breakdown of protein that contain nitrogen will be excreted with urine and those that do not contain nitrogen will be converted into carbohydrates and fat. Oxidation of 1 gram of protein can produce 4.2 calories of energy. Excess protein in the body can cause swelling of the liver and kidneys because these organs have a heavier workload in breaking down protein and excreting it through urine. 3. Fat (Lipid) Fat is the largest energy producer. Every 1 gram of fat that is oxidized will produce ± 9.3 calories.Other functions of fat are as a solvent for vitamins (A, D, E and K), protecting the body's organs, preventing hunger because fat takes a long time to digest and as a food flavoring. Like carbohydrates, fats are composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and sometimes phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Unlike carbohydrates and proteins, fats are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. Examples of foods that contain fat are meat, milk, cheese, butter, oil, candlenuts, nuts and avocados. The process of fat digestion that occurs in the body In the body, fat undergoes metabolism. Fat will be hydrolyzed into fatty acids and glycerol with the help of the lipase enzyme. This process takes place in the digestive tract.Before being absorbed by the intestines, fatty acids will react with bile salts to form soap-like compounds, then the soap-like compounds will be absorbed by the intestines. and will break down into fatty acids and bile salts. These fatty acids will react with glycerol to form fat, then be transported by the intestinal lymph vessels to the left chest lymph vessels, then to the left lower clavicle vein.Fat is sent from its storage site to the liver in the form of lecithin to be hydrolyzed into fatty acids and glycerol.Next, glycerol will be converted into muscle sugar or glycogen and fatty acids will be converted into acetyl coenzymeMetabolic disorders in the form of accumulation of acetone compounds can cause respiratory problems. Difficulty breathing occurs due to increased acidity levels and the amount of CO2 accumulated. This disorder is called acidosis. 4. Vitamins Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed by the body in small quantities, do not produce energy and act as regulatory substances in the body. Food ingredients that are the main source of vitamins include fruit. Based on their solubility, vitamins can be divided into two, namely fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and watersoluble (vitaminsB and C). It has beenmentioned before thatour bodies need a small amount of vitamins. In general, vitamins function as regulators of chemical processes in the body. 5. Minerals Like vitamins, our bodies require small amounts of minerals. a. Macroelements Minerals that the body needs in the form of salts or elements. Mineral salts are easily soluble and easily absorbed by the body without digestion. Based on the amount needed in the body, minerals can be divided into two, namely macroelements and microelements. is a mineral that the body needs in large quantities. Macroelements include potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl). b. Microelements namely minerals that the body needs in small quantities. For example iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and selenium (Se).Minerals are found in various food ingredients from animals and plants. 5. Water Most of the human body is approximately 70% composed of water. Almost all chemical reactions in the body occur in the medium of water. In general, water functions as a solvent in the body. Water is useful for carrying out metabolic processes in the body such as digestion, excretion, evaporation, etc. Water is the main component of protoplasm, blood and lymph, so water also functions to transport metabolic waste from tissues to outside the body, as well as transporting nutrients throughout the body.We need 2.5 liters of water every day, because every day our body loses more than 2.5 liters. Water leaves the body through urine, along with feces, sweat, and in the form of water vapor from the lungs. The body's water needs can be obtained from drinking water, food, fruit and vegetables. Water balance in the body is regulated by hormones from the pituitary gland and kidneys. These two glands produce hormones that regulate the fluid balance of blood and body fluids and regulate the absorption of water in the intestines and its excretion through the kidneys.You already know the nutritional content in food. Our daily food can be grouped into the following four groups. a. Foods that contain lots of vegetable carbohydrates are found in staple food sources, for example rice, corn and wheat. b. Foods that contain lots of mineral salts are found in vegetables, for example cabbage, carrots, long beans and tomatoes. c. Foods that contain lots of protein are found in side dishes, for example protein from plants: tofu and tempeh; or protein from animals: meat and fishd. Foods that contain lots of vitamins and have refreshing properties are found in fruit.