Human Behavior and Cultural Diversity II Notes

Early Childhood 2-8 years old Major development milestones ●Language acquisition o o 2-3 years old, children tend to have a developed vocab and can speak full sentences 4-6 years old, better at recognizing prints Emotional and Personality Development Gross and Fine Motor Skills ●Age 2 - handle small things ●Age 3 – ●Age 4 – ●Age 5 Gender Identity ●Able to identify between men and women based on physical appearances at around age2-3●Gender roles Gender norms Parent starts to act a certain way as soon as they find out the gender Parenting and Grandparenting Parenting ●Authoritarian Controlling, establish rules on how they behave Result: unhappiness, fearful, anxious, lack of communication skill Authoritative Offers some control, consistent support, encourages independence Result ●Neglectful Uninvolved with child, little structure ●Indulgent Grandparenting ●Fun seeker ●Distant figure ●Surrogate parent ●Formal figure ●Reservoir of family wisdom Observation: Childhood in classroom setting ●Piaget Cognitive Development Theory ●Preoperational Stage: 2 -7 years old Egocentrism ●Concrete operations stage: 7-11 years old ●Temperament Memory for the Events of Early Childhood ●Infantile or childhood amnesia (freud) ●Some early memories are recalled because of emotion ●Distinction between semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events) Strengths ●Strong attachment to parent or caregiver ●Most developmental stage ●Start development of personality Challenges ●Access to resources ●Child abuse and neglect ●Gender roles ●Temperament issues Cultural Differences and Oppression ●Low socioeconomic Status More likely to suffer with infections, low IQ, neurological problems and sensory delays ●Child abuse Physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect Effects all aspects of development ●Oppression Activate stress response More chronic health problems later in life ACE (adverse childhood experiences) study 1. Adverse childhood experience 2. Disrupted neurodevelopment 3. Social, emotional, cognitive impairment 4. Adoption of health risk behavior 5. Disease, disability 6. Early death WRITTEN FROM BIRTH (1) TO DEATH (6) Dr. Nadine Burke Harris- Recognized the impact of ACEs on health - American pediatrician - Primary health care, mental health and wellness, research, policy, education, and community and family support services to children and families - Fight flight or freeze