Evolution DNA Analysis Review Key

DNA Analysis using gel electrophoresis 1) On each gel, if the sample wells are on the top, label which end would be facing the positive electrode and which end would face the negative electrode. 2) Label where the longest and shortest sized fragments would be located. 3) Answer the questions Use the gels below to answer the following questions. baby dad ad Longest mom Lt. Russ is investigating a murder scene. The felon was scratched by his victim & some of his skin cells were found under the victim's fingernails. A DNA test was performed. Which of the suspects is the murderer? ** felon S S2 $3 Shortest + Mrs. Smith has a baby named Jessica. She belioves one of two men can be the father of her child. A paternity test is done and the results are shown above. Which of the 2 men are baby Jessica's father? ** felon SI $2 $3 Suzy was assaulted in an alley and is a victim of rape. The police collected a sample of sperm that was left at the crime scene and now have 3. suspects in custody. Which of the suspects raped Suzy? ** 1D A freak accident (natural disaster) wipes out part of the population. 2. 4A trait caused by the genes of an organism. Cannot change over the organism's lifetime. 3. Changes in an organism's DNA 4. 5. A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships between organisms. Organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. 6. Structure that comes from a common ancestor 7. Two structures that look similar but do not come from a common ancestor. 8. When new organisms come into or out of a population. 9. 15 When one species rapidly changes into many different species 10. When one species splits into two different species 11. 4 When several individuals from a population break off and form their own new population. 12. When two species (that are not closely related) start to look simliar over time a. Adaptation b. Adaptive Radlation c. Analogous d. Bottleneck Effect e. Cladogram f. Convergent Evolution. B. Divergent Evolution h. Founder Effect 1. Gene Flow J. Homologous k. Mutation 1. Natural Selection 13. SThe bats of wings, the flippers of whales, and the arms of humans all have the same bone structure because they came from a common ancestor. 14. There is a population of squirrels that live in the forest. One day, a few of the squirrels decide to leave the forest and go live in the prairie a few miles away. 15. PA hurricane wipes out many individuals in a population of coral off the coast of Mexico. 16. The cichlid fishes of Malawi rapidly changed into many new species that each has a specialized mouth for eating different types of food. R 17. There are two populations of wild horses: one that has mostly white horses and one that has mostly brown horses. One day, a white horse wanders off and decides to join the brown horse population, adding the white horse gene to the brown horse population. m. Adaptation n. Adaptive Radiation o. Analogous Structures p. Bottleneck Effect q. Founder Effect r. Gene Flow s. Homologous Structures t. Natural Selection 18. Insects and Bats did not come from a common ancestor, but over time they both developed wings. 19. There are tan mice and white mice that live in the desert. The white mice are more easily seen by snakes so over time, the tan mice become more prevalent because they survive and reproduce. Reproductive Barriers that separate species Pre or Past Kind of barrier Hybod Infertility Post Pee Behavioral Pre Habatut Pre Gametic Two species of mice are mated in the lab and produce offspring, but the offspring are infertile Male fiddler crabs wave their large claw to attract females. Each species has a slightly different wave. Blackjack cak trees grow in dry woodlands and scrub oak trees grow in dry, rocky, open areas. Pollen of one species seldom pollinates the other. A sperm produced by the dwarf sea anemone is unable to fertilize the egg of the bubble tip anemone. Make a cladogram for the following: Fingers and toes Bony ribs Vertebrae Jaws Choanae (special nasal cavity) Lampreys X Sharks X Amphibians X X X X Ray-finned fish X X X X Land X X X vertebrates X X Lungfish X X X X Lamprey Shu orater Vertebre 20. Look at your cladogrem. Which species is most closely related to amphibians? Land Vertebralec 21. Look at your cladogram. Which species is least related to amphibians? Lamprey