War of 1812 Chart and Reflection

WAR OF 1812: I. People II. On your own paper, create and fill in chart using the notes below: Places Events Other On your own paper, using your chart, summarize the War of 1812. Reflect on reasons for, main events, heroes and villains, as well as gains and loses. Needs to be at least a page, finish for homework if necessary. France: fighting the British; America tried to stay neutral during their fight. Britain violated shipping rights; were eager to gain control of Mississippi River/British soldiers were more prepared for battle; younger and more determined. Impressment: Kidnapping of U.S. sailors and forcing them to work on British ships. Thomas Jefferson- President of the U.S. that tried to prevent the War of 1812 by passing Embargo Act of 1807/ U.S. Navy was non-existent Embargo: Prohibits trade with another country. Napoleon Bonaparte- Leader of France who lied to the Americans about ending the stealing of American ships. War Hawks: Congressional leaders who began to call for war on Great Britain. James Madison: President that declared war on Britain in 1812; 5 feet 4 inches tall; some dubbed him as Little Jimmy; very brilliant but nerdy; watched fires from horseback in Virginia; his love letters to Dolley stolen Dolley Madison- wife of President James Madison; born in Quaker community in Guilford County; known as heroine of the war; saved portrait of George Washington and other important items from being burned; beloved by the poor and admired by the rich; dipped snuff; very fashionable. Washington D.C. - Invaded by British forces @ 8 p.m. 8-24-1814; buildings set afire—President’s Mansion, Capital, and Library of Congress by 8:25 in retaliation for Americans burning Canadian capital of York; Disastrous storms hit lasting 2 hours; “like the wrathful hand of God…” British left after the storm. President’s Mansion: nicknamed “white house” after being burned; only thing that would cover burn marks was whitewash paint John Armstrong was the Secretary of War but was replaced by Secretary of State James Monroe after letting Washington, D. C. be attacked Andrew Jackson- Most celebrated hero; won the battle against Creek Indians@ Horseshoe Bend in Alabama; won battle of New Orleans Junaluska- Cherokee warrior; lake in Haywood County named for him; saved Andrew Jackson’s life @ The Battle of Horseshoe Bend. (Later, he regretted that since Jackson responsible for Indian Removal.) New Orleans Battle- Biggest, bloodiest battle; took place 2 weeks after war was over. Tecumseh- Shawnee chief that worked to unite Native Americans against expanding American settlements; Created Indian alliance to keep Ohio River Valley; Most famous speech: “Why Not Sell the Air” The Prophet: Tecumseh’s brother; killed at Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison- war hero at the Battle of Tippecanoe ending the Indian alliance; became President. August 19, 1812 The Constitution defeats HMS Guerrière earning nickname “Old Ironsides” when cannonballs did not pierce thick wooden sides Oliver Hazard Perry—“We have met the enemy and they are ours” referring to battle in Lake Erie The British invaded Ocracoke Island in July 1813. Otway Burns- was a privateer; not part of the military; captured several million dollars worth of British ships and cargo; buried with a cannon as headstone. Privateer- sailor who robs ships with the permission of the government. Snap Dragon- The ship of Otway Burns and his crew; captured 9 other ships. Prometheus: North Carolina’s 1st steamship; built by Otway Burns Johnston Blakely- Never came home from sea; received Congressional Gold Medal; famous for daring assaults on British shipping; “cool and collected in action…” Wasp- Johnston Blakely’s ship that vanished; no trace ever found. Atalanta: ship that was captured by Johnston Blakely and sent home with his men. Fort McHenry: site of all night bombardment that prompted the writing of the national anthem. Francis Scott Key- was moved to write a poem about events on Fort McHenry. Star Spangled Banner- poem turned into patriotic song; was made into the country’s official national anthem in 1931. Mary Pickersgill- flag maker; Flag flown over Fort McHenry was 30 ft by 42 feet. Baltimore: city was protected from British burning due to all night bombardment of Fort McHenry not being successful. Lt. Col. Benjamin Forsyth- raided Elizabethtown in Canada; used sleighs in Battle of Elizabethtown, killed at Battle of Odelltown; Stokes County was divided; new county name Forsyth County; Ghent: The city in Belgium where the peace treaty was signed that ended the War of 1812. Treaty of Ghent resolved that all conquered territory was returned. The Hartford Convention was held to protest the War; Federalist party considered New England states seceding. The Federalist political party ended because its people did not support the war. Sometimes called the Second War for Independence/lasted 3 years/Nation was in conflict with self as well as British 2 days before the war began Britain revokes impressments/biggest battle 2 weeks after peace treaty signed: NO INSTANT COMMUNICATION Results of War of 1812: 1. defeat of Tecumseh opened up the northwest to settlements 2. Federalists opposition to the war weakened that party 3. the US developed a sense of strength and confidence in their ability to control their destiny 4. a rise in nationalism and a sense of unity Effects of War of 1812: 1. showed US still willing to fight for independence 2. should stay away from European affairs 3. made US more self-sufficient 4. increased emphasis on manufacturing