University:
York University
Course:
AP/ITEC 1610 | Introduction to Computer Programming
Academic year:

2023
Views:

456

Pages:

2
Author:

Nick T.

Key Points: Forwarding: Move packets from a router's input link to the appropriate router output link. Routing: Determine the route taken by packets from source to destination using routing algorithms. Data Plane: Local per-router function (forwarding) Control Plane: Network-wide logic (routing) * Traditional routing algorithms * Software-defined networking Destination-Based Forwarding: Networking devices compare the destination IP address of incoming packets and determine the next hop to reach the destination. Longest Prefix Match: Compare the destination IP of incoming packets with the prefix of available routing table entries. Select the route with the longest matching prefix (most specific match for the destination address). IP Header Format (32 bits): Version Header length Type of service Total length (bytes) Identification Flags Fragment offset Time-to-live Protocol Header checksum Source IP address Destination IP address Options (if any) Data Key Points: IP Address: A 32-bit identifier associated with each host/router interface. Interface: Connection between host/router and physical link. Subnet: Identified by the prefix length. CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing): Subnet is identified by the prefix (length). Octet: IPv4 has four octets separated by periods. Network Address: The first IP of any subnet. Broadcast Address: The last IP of any subnet. Subnet Mask: A four-octet number used to identify the network ID portion of a 32-bit IP address. Always required, even on networks that are not subnetted. Binary Representation: Can identify the subnet by converting the IP address and subnet mask into binary and performing a bitwise AND operation. The result will be the network address. Example: IP address: 192.168.1.100 (11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100) Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000) Network Address (Result of AND): 192.168.1.0 (11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000)