University:
York University
Course:
CHEM 1001 | Chemical Dynamics
Academic year:

2022
Views:

32

Pages:

3
Author:

Niklas

Chapter 15 / Chapter 11 Enzyme Kinetics Maximum reaction rate is governed by enzyme-substrate binding affinity. Enzyme + substrate → ES complex → Enzyme + product (A diagram shows the relationship between velocity (V) and substrate concentration [S], with the maximum velocity when enzyme saturation occurs.) Steady-State Approximation: 𝑑 [ 𝐸 𝑆 ] 𝑑 𝑡 = 0 dt d[ES] =0 Rate₁: k₁ [E] [S] = (k₂ + k₃) [ES] [ES] = [ 𝐸 ] [ 𝑆 ] ( 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 3 ) / 𝑘 1 (k 2 +k 3 )/k 1 [E][S] Rate = k₃ [ 𝐸 ] [ 𝑆 ] 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 3 k 2 +k 3 [E][S] Where 𝑘 𝑚 = 𝑘 2 + 𝑘 3 𝑘 1 k m = k 1 k 2 +k 3 Units: concentration [S] 𝑘 𝑚 k m : Rate = ½ maximum rate Balancing Redox Reactions Identify the elements undergoing redox, balance them in half-reactions. Add water to balance oxygen (O). Add H⁺ to balance hydrogen (H). Add e⁻ to balance charge. Combine half-reactions. For reactions in base: Add OH⁻ to both sides to neutralize H⁺, then rebalance water. Electrochemistry Commonly Chemical Synthesis Special Chemical Synthesis Electrolysis reactions Chlor-alkali process: Brine → chlorine, NaOH, hydrogen. Hall process Production of active metals (Mg, Na, K, etc.) Batteries