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The 9th edition of Modern Language Association citation format (MLA) matches in popularity the American Psychological Association edition seventh format but is used mostly in humanities and arts for such subjects like English, Poetry, Literature. Both are very popular, but while APA has an author-date format for in-text citations, MLA adopts the author-page format.
To generate your MLA bibliography according to ninth edition along with and in-text citations follow these steps:
The typical MLA book citation format (9th edition) is as follows:
Bibliographic Reference:
In-text citation:
Example of a print book with one author
In fact, more details can be included in a book MLA 9 citation. It depends mostly on source type such as title, other contributors (e.g. editors), version, number, URL, access date (for online sources), etc. When considering how to cite an ebook MLA 9, for instance, or other types of books, one should learn the order and formatting rules these elements follow. Some typical MLA book citation format examples are provided below.
In this case, both authors are mentioned with an “and” in-between:
In this situation, only the first author is mentioned followed by et al.:
In this case, a reference would simply skip author names.
Note that MLA 9 Format does NOT capitalize seasons in citations. For example: “Fall 2007” should be “fall 2007”. It is not related to months of the year though.
If the focus is not on translation, then just use “translated by” instead of “edited by”. Alternatively, if a translation is the focus, then translator’s name comes before author’s name:
Remember that when MLA 9 edition requires the use of sources or quotations in a foreign language, they must be cited using their native grammar and punctuation rules and formatting.
Here, in addition to other details, database’s or website’s name is mentioned, along with the URL:
Not only bibliographic entries have a different format depending on author number – this is also true about any MLA in text citation book types of various kind. Here is the MLA book citation format for in-text citations, as a function of author number indicated in a source:
Short and long quotations are treated differently in MLA – the threshold to distinguish these two are four lines of prose or three lines of verse. Anything below this limit would be embedded in the sentence and enclosed within double quotation marks. Everything exceeding this length would be placed in a separate paragraph/ block of paragraphs without quotation marks, with the first paragraph line indented at half an inch. If citing more than one paragraph, line one of the second paragraph should have an additional 1/4 of an inch in the indentation.
By contrast with other formats, paraphrasing or summarizing in MLA requires more precision, namely, one has to provide page numbers for information to which a reference is being made (like with other MLA in-text citations). Paraphrasing/reformulating/summarizing is a good way to convey a message by saving space and bypassing stricter requirements for quotations.
One must also know how to use capitalization/case in any given MLA 9 book citation. Thus, when listing titles and subtitles for books and articles (in bibliography lists), first, last, and principal words are all capitalized (including those separated by hyphens). Do not capitalize on articles like “a, an, the”, prepositions like “in, to, of, against, between,” conjunctions like “but, and, for, or” (e.g. Molecular Biology of the Cell). This latter rule applies for MLA in-text citations as well (in case the author name is missing and a shortened title is provided). For titles of non-English sources, only the first words in the sentence or after a colon are capitalized. The seasons are also not capitalized in MLA 9 (fall, spring, autumn, summer).
In an MLA textbook citation (or other book types), the italic font is used in bibliographic references to designate titles of books. Also, it is used to denote containers (e.g. an almanac from which a piece of work, like a poem, was mentioned). Example:
Yet another instance in which italic font is used is for names of parent website (which are also treated as containers).
Obviously, knowing how to cite a book MLA is just one aspect of MLA formatting. There are other important requirements like those describing the format of a title page, heading, subheading, page header, endnote, footnote, as well as paragraph indentation, font, line spacing, spaces between paragraphs, etc.
We have implemented on our website a special tool that greatly simplifies citing a book MLA and is intended to help you become more efficient at your writing tasks. This tool has a few key advantages as listed below:
Our MLA 9 book citation generator can help enormously when creating your bibliography. It converts entries into the appropriate format, takes care of punctuation, formatting, word capitalization, etc. Also, it features a number of advantages when compared to other similar tools. Altogether, this can help you save tons of time when working on your project.
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