University:
American Baptist College
Course:
BU 100L | Basic Computer Science
Academic year:

2024
Views:

492

Pages:

2
Author:

Ahmat N.

Computer Networking Fundamentals Principles and Protocols 4.1 Introduction to Computer Networking Computer networking refers to the interconnection of computers and devices to share resources and communicate effectively. This section introduces the fundamental concepts of networking, including the purpose of networks in facilitating data exchange, resource sharing, and communication among users. The significance of networking in both personal and organizational contexts is emphasized, highlighting its role in enabling collaboration and access to information. 4.2 Types of Computer Networks Networks can be classified based on their size and scope. This section covers various types of networks, including: • Local Area Network (LAN): Typically used within a small geographical area, such as a home, school, or office, LANs enable high-speed communication among connected devices. • Wide Area Network (WAN): Spanning larger geographical areas, WANs connect multiple LANs and are commonly used by organizations to facilitate communication between remote offices. • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Covering a city or large campus, MANs are used to connect multiple LANs within a specific area. • Personal Area Network (PAN): These networks connect devices over a short range, often using technologies like Bluetooth. 4.3 Networking Protocols Networking protocols are sets of rules that govern data transmission over a network. This section explains key protocols, including: • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensures reliable data transmission by establishing a connection and managing data packets. • Internet Protocol (IP): Responsible for addressing and routing data packets across networks. • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web, allowing browsers to retrieve web pages. • File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Facilitates the transfer of files between computers on a network. 4.4 Network Topologies Network topology refers to the arrangement of devices in a network. This section discusses common topologies, including: • Star Topology: All devices are connected to a central hub, making it easy to manage and troubleshoot. • Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line, making it simple but susceptible to data collisions. • Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a circular fashion, allowing for data to travel in one direction, reducing collisions. 4.5 Conclusion Understanding computer networking is crucial for leveraging technology effectively in today’s interconnected world. Knowledge of networking principles, protocols, and topologies empowers individuals to design, manage, and troubleshoot networks, ensuring reliable communication and resource sharing.