University:
American Baptist College
Course:
IKM 20632 | Basic Epidemiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

315

Pages:

3
Author:

Muthia M

Taxonomy of Epidemiologic Research Overview Epidemiology Research Taxonomy is divided into: 1. Based on objectives: 2. Based on time frame 3. Based on the presence or absence of treatment 4. Based on cause-effect tracing 5. Based on information retrieval of cause & effect factors A. Based on objectives 1. Descriptive Studies Descriptive studies are used to describe the occurrence of an outcome 2. Analytic Studies Analytic studies can describe the association between exposure and outcome. 3. Descriptive Epidemiology Descriptive Epidemiology describes the distribution of health problems mainly based on the factors of person, place and time. 4. Analytical Epidemiology Analytic Epidemiology is the study of the determinants of health problems. 5. Difference of Descriptive and Analytic a. Descriptive: 1) Case reports 2) Case series 3) Cross-sectional study 4) Ecological studies b. Analytic: 1) Cross-sectional study 2) Case-control 3) Cohort 4) Interventional study B. Based on time frame Time frame of Studies: 1. Prospective Study, for example using words: looks forward, looks to the future, examines future events, follows a condition, concern or disease into the future 2. Retrospective Study, for example using words: “to look back”, looks back in time to study events that have already occurred C. Based on the presence or absence of treatment 1. Experimental Experimental means researcher has control over exposure. Experimental (intervention) research: a. Trial or experimental b. Quasi-experimental research 2. Observational Researcher observes exposure that occurs naturally (Researcher does not manipulate exposure). Observational research: a. Descriptive research b. Case-control c. Cohort study D. Based on cause-effect tracing 1. None: a. Descriptive research 2. Exists: a. Forward-Looking: From Exposure to Outcome 1) Prospective cohort 2) Retrospective cohort 3) Interventional studies b. Backward Looking: From Outcome to Exposure 1) Case-control E. Based on information retrieval of cause & effect factors 1. Cause & effect status information at the same time: Cross-sectional study 2. Information on the status of cause & effect at different times (causes that occurred in the past or are ongoing): a. Longitudinal study: b. Case-control study c. Cohort studies d. Interventional studies