University:
Amherst College
Course:
BIOL 330 | Biochemical Principles of Life at the Molecular Level
Academic year:

2009
Views:

244

Pages:

16
Author:

Havelberg34r

Chemical Biology 03 BLOOD Biomolecular Structure II. Fats Organic Functional Groups What functional groups do sugars contain? Fatty acids all contain an acid functional group Organic Functional Groups SUGARS FATS Fatty Acids • Fats are made up of – an acid group(-COOH) – a hydrophobic group (CnHm) – Sometimes have a double bond, usually cis (as shown) but sometimes trans cis: ______________________ _____________________________ trans: ____________________ _____________________________ Fatty Acids • Fats are made up of – an acid group(-COOH) – a hydrophobic group (CnHm) – Sometimes have a double bond, usually cis (as shown) but sometimes trans cis: C atoms on either side of double bond are on the same side trans: C atoms on either side of double bond are on opposite sides Fatty acids in our diet • SATURATED AND UNSATURATED – Saturated fats • Have no double bonds • Are solids at room temperature • Are obtained from animal products like butter and lard and hydrogenated products such as Crisco. • likely to increase cholesterol levels and risk of atherosclerosis. – Unsaturated fats • • • • Have cis double bonds Are liquids at room temperature Are obtained from plants (olive, corn, safflower) trans double bonds are unhealthy What are omega 6, omega 9 fatty acids? • • "Omega" is the last letter of the Greek alphabet, and indicates that the count starts from the end of the chain (the -CH3 side) or left in this drawing. The location of the carbon double bond determines the type of Omega fatty acid. – Omega 3 means a double bond occurs at the third carbon from the end carbon of the chain. – Omega 9 means a double bond occurs at the 9th carbon from the end carbon. What are omega 6, omega 9 fatty acids? • Draw a shorthand drawing for 1, 2, or 3 DO NOT DRAW Hs CONNTECTED TO C DRAW ONLY LINES THAT CONNECT C (no C atoms) DRAW O atoms Oils we know and love… • A breakdown of fatty acid % content of omega-3, omega-6, and saturated, of some oils (in the order of 3:6:9: % saturated) ..what’s the deal about linoleic acid and omega 3 and 6 fatty acids? – Essential fatty acids we need to eat: • • linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3) mostly found in flax and fish oils) Without these we die. and arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (found in fish, flax, and canola oils) Listen and Learn: Draw for yourself the two functional groups common to all fatty acids 1. ________________ 2. _________________ THINKING AHEAD 1. How soluble are fats are in your blood? Use the chemical structure to explain why they have this solubility. 2. Explain why high fat diets are very unhealthy. Fatty acids are used to make Triglycerides – • Lipids (triglycerides) are made from fats – synthesized from a 3 carbon glycerol molecule PLUS 3 fatty acid molecules that are 16-24 C long - triglyceride ester bonds – Glycerol binds to the fatty acids that you ingest from food and shuttle them off to fat cells in your body if you don’t need to burn them immediately for calories Fatty acids are used to Phospholipids – components of cell membranes • Glycerol • plus TWO fatty acids • plus a phosphate group Plasma Membranes are made of phospholipids • Phospholipids: form a bilayer to make cell membrane • FLUID MOSAIC MODEL: Lots of things are embedded in membrane Thinking Ahead: Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in the cell membrane?

Chemical Biology 03 2009 Gene Regulation

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