Problem Set 2 Biological Macromolecules

PS z - ~f\r\s (M & / Chem / Bio 03 - Fall 09 O’Hara Problem Set 2 (due Mon 9/1) Biological Macromolecules 1. Determine the chemical formula of the following molecules (add implicit H) and determine whether the molecule can be classified as a sugar, fat, amino or nucleic acid. Also, decide if an empirical formula (the lowest ratio of atoms) is different from the chemical formula. Molecular structure* Chemical formula Empirical Classification formula CfcQiiAa. COW2. o Hn' \*> grn-es suaar (i/nintf ciad H O « « o (t n P'-H f +i H ^ ^ 4 A H ^ %^ C50ZIN1 a 4 HW « « Hfl H iO 12. ^ nocictc acid COWz ^ N5 l3 ^ nuclei ^ dcid C„8 0 H C5 0 rt W u W su &r tz 5 C,0 H 6 ' * Always remember that we need to represent our three dimensional molecules using this two dimensional medium of paper. In the structures drawn above, we have attempted to capture the 3- D aspects of some molecules using a filled-in triangle to represent bonds that project out of the paper and a dashed line to represent bonds that project behind the paper. 1 2 . Fill in the blanks: sugar a.) A molecule whose name ends in -ose is a ^ ^ b.) The three amino acids that contain nitrogens n j c.) The 2 amino acids that have acidic side groups are glucose d.) The simple sugars ^ eir side groups are and hl & hAllrtfs pbricAC $ and * -fructose and come together to form the disaccharide commonly called sugar which is chemically known as v? (/^rOS e.) All fats contain a number of -CnHm groups that make them Igyrlnopj^ Q b ^ * . f.) The difference between an adenine molecule and an adenpsfrne molecule is the ribpSC* g.) The basic group in every amino acid is ClYYttftO Q rOOp i.) The acid in a fatty acid is a j.) ^ gad h.) The acid in DNA is a rarboYnotd TVTXflS Fatty foods containing quantities. k.) Saturated fatty acids have double bonds are bad for us to consume in large !&r0 Solids double bonds and are at room temperature because the - CnHm groups can get very together. 1.) Omega fatty acids are given that name because hej - f- ^ co ir> & doode loohd Oh ^he forced ( uA — 0 apposrle end . m.) When two fatty acids and one phosphate group binds to a glycerol molecule, the structure is called a - fMe phoSpk l i p f d and it is used to form ) plasma Membra which is a critical feature of every cell. n.) Proteins are made of polymers of joined together by a _ &W\ acids \ f\Q pCpfld Q bond. ' o.) Complex carbohydrates are polymers of joined together by a SU CifS ^ OjlyCOS id IO ftbohudci & & Cldj phosphe? d / e s - f&r % T 0, left WOrd ha\/£ yoO p^cdici groupst -H»e 5 CL ^OON/ . plus lAldu Id ^ which are all bond. s p.) RNA is a polymer of which are all which are all joined together by a bond. -Hte amino Trp ^ ^ Oesiio^ 1 i lV. d aAi /V j As Jo , $OTd acids \ i * - as w^ijjeh f 4e. / r 2 * to- Ofi 3. Define the following terms using words and structures or drawings if helpful: a. Fluid Mosaic Model mzwbramc of ^ cei( 7te. w\odel IAJI+L phospl# lipid bikyc r J separate ir\siMiDBh — l : 14 Ti ^ ' yioo 13.5 fs * i i _ J i 7 ^ loo 2i?w 0 Z? . ii ’ io‘ 2 0 1 25 100 * ; 33J ; : 34 : i » zs :? J74, YIO0 JO. 8 II 4 ^ 6. Please draw the chemical structures of the following molecules (include positions of charges at pH 7): a. ATP-4 b. Omega 3 decanoic acid (cis) / c c ~ / \G VC C If c. Val- Phe-Gly d. glucosamine (3 VI \ C * B & 7 / - Nl 4 o -e- 4t 4 np-oJi (4 ol| H -e- 41 5