University:
Amherst College
Course:
CHEM 330 | Biochemical Principles of Life at the Molecular Level
Academic year:

2010
Views:

56

Pages:

22
Author:

arloteriacti

Chemical Biology 03! Oct 16, 2009! Central Dogma –III! and mutation! Transcription temporary intermediate (“messenger”) Translation ! sm a l p to cy flow of information in ALL cellular organisms = “the Central Dogma” in Eukaryotes 1o transcript (“pre-mRNA”) Processing of messenger RNA • at the 5’ end • at the 3’end • in the middle mature mRNA ready for translation CAP is added to 5’ end and TAIL is added to 3’ end of each mRNA mRNA! 5’! 3’! Necessary for message stability And identification as a messenger RNA! "#$! %&'()*&+,%+-(! ,&-%.+(!%&'()/'%+-(! introns intervening sequences Splicing - remove introns expressed sequences exons - rejoin exons protein translation β Globin primary transcript is 2000 nucleotides long ! Splicing protein translation β Globin polypeptide is 147 amino acids long Arrangement of exons and introns in two human blood genes in Eukaryotes 1o transcript (“pre-mRNA”) Processing of messenger RNA • at the 5’ end • at the 3’end • in the middle mature mRNA ready for translation Ribosome = Protein Factory amino acids are assembled according to order specified by messenger RNA last week’s Nobel Prize (Chem): studies that unveiled the structure &function of the ribosome: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (UK), Tom Steitz (U.S.), Ada Yonath (Israel) Ribosome is enormous (complex of >80 proteins & 4 RNA molecules) Typical cell has millions of ribosomes! Adapter Molecules make the correlation between codon and amino acid: tRNA (transfer RNA) tRNA ! #0! 01! #0! 01! #0! 01! ”reads” codon (triplet of nucleotides in mRNA)! .%*5! 23#$4!!!A-U-G - C-U-G -G-U-G-G-A-U-C-C-U-G-G-A-U-U-C tRNA (transfer RNA) ~80 nte single stranded RNA molecule '(%+*-8-(! 67! -UCGGUAACUUGUACACC- *-8-(! 97! !"#$% The GENETIC CODE to Translate from RNA to PROTEIN: triplet code: set of 3 nucleotides (“codon”) encodes 1 amino acid ! ! ! !:2,-&%'(*.!-;!3.'8+(?!,@(*%@'%.8 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! #-%.!&!,-))+B/.! &.'8+(

Chemical Biology 03 BLood Biomolecular Structure Lecture 3

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