Introduction to Information Systems and Data Analytics Answers Part 8

The most common source of business system failure is A) software bugs. B) software errors. C) hardware or facilities failures. D) data quality. -data quality The "do anything anywhere" computing environment can A) make work environments much more pleasant. B) create economies of efficiency. C) centralize power at corporate headquarters. D) blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time. -blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time The practice of spamming has been growing because A) telephone solicitation is no longer legal. B) it is good advertising practice and brings in many new customers. C) it helps pay for the Internet. D) it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people. -it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does spamming raise? A) quality of life B) system quality C) accountability and control D) information rights and obligations -quality of life The Do-Not-Track Act of 2011 A) allows firms to track customers if default given is opt-in B) requires firms to notify customers that they are being tracked C) allows firms to track customers if they do not sell the information to third parties D) requires firms to get customer sing-off before tracking them B Re-desiging and automating business processes can be seen as a double edge sword because -increase in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses A tiny software object embedded in a Web page and used by tracking programs to monitor online user behavior is called A) spyware. B) a super cookie. C) a Web beacon. D) a cookie. C Which of the following issues are privacy advocates and advertising industry most in conflict over? -an opt-in policy required at all sites -a national Do-Not-Track list ______can be induced by ten of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads. -RSI Which of the following best describes how new information systems result in legal gray areas? a) they work with networked, electronic data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually b) they result in new situations that are not covered by old laws c) they are implemented by technicians rather than managers d) they are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores b) they result in new situations that are not covered by old laws The introduction of new information technology has a a) dampening effect on the new discourse of business ethics b) ripple effect raising new ethical, social, and political issues c) beneficial effect for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers d) waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues b) ripple effect raising new ethical, social, and political issues In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property fall within the moral dimension of a) property rights and obligations b) system quality c) accountability and control d) information rights and obligations a) property rights and obligations In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within the moral dimension of a) family and home b) property rights and obligations c) system quality d) quality of life d) quality of life The four key technical trends responsible for current ethical stresses related to information technology are (1) doubling of computer power every 18 months, (2) data analysis advances, (3) declining data storage costs, and (4) _______ a) advances in wireless networking b) international standards for data protection c) networking advances and the Internet d) increased ease in file sharing and copying c) networking advances and the Internet The use of computers to combine data form multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals is called a) profiling b) phishing c) spamming d) targeting a) profiling Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of ChoicePoint raise? a) property rights and obligations b) system quality c) accountability and control d) information rights and obligations d) information rights and obligations NORA is a a) profiling technology used by the EU b) federal privacy law protecting networked data c) new data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources d) sentencing guideline adopted in 1987 mandating stiff sentences on business executives c) new data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources Accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make is referred to as a) responsibility b) accountability c) liability d) due process a) responsibility The feature of political systems in which a body of laws is in place that permits individuals to recover the damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations is referred to as a) accountability b) responsibility c) due process d) liability d) liability The feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called a) due process b) accountability c) the courts of appeal d) the judicial system b) accountability The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called a) liability b) due process c) the courts of appeal d) accountability b) due process Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps discussed in the chapter as a process for analyzing an ethical issue? a) assign responsibility b) identify the stakeholders c) identify the options you can reasonably take d) identify and clearly describe the facts a) assign responsibility A colleague of yours frequently takes for his own personal use small amounts of office supplies, noting that the loss to the company is minimal. You counter that if everyone were to take the office supplies, the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which historical ethical principle? a) kant's categorical imperative b) the golden rule c) the risk aversion principle d) the "no free lunch" rule a) kant's categorical imperative A classic ethical dilemma is the hypothetical case of a man stealing from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. If you used the Utilitarian Principle to evaluate this situation, you might argue that stealing the food is a) acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm b) acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family c) wrong, because the man would not want the grocery to steal from him d) wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated b) acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative states that a) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time b) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost c) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action d) if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take d) if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that a) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time b) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost c) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action d) everything is owned by someone else, and that the creator wants compensation for this work d) everything is owned by someone else, and that the creator wants compensation for this work According to the _______, you should take the action that produces the least harm a) categorical imperative b) risk aversion principle c) utilitarian principle d) golden rule b) risk aversion principle Which US act restricts the information the federal government can collect and regulates what they can do with the information? a) privacy act of 1974 b) gramm-leach-bliley act of 1999 c) freedom of information act d) hipaa of 1996 a) privacy act of 1974 FIP principles are based on the notion of the a) accountability of the record holder b) responsibility of the record holder c) mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual d) privacy of the individual c) mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual The Federal Trade Commission FIP principle of Notice/Awareness states that a) customers must be allowed to choose how their information will be used for secondary purposes other than the supporting transaction b) data collectors must take responsible steps to assure that consumer information is accurate and secure from unauthorized use c) there is a mechanism in place to enforce FIP principles d) web sites must disclose their information practices before collecting data d) web sites must disclose their information practices before collecting data Which of the following US laws gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? a) HIPAA b) gramm-leach-bliley act c) privacy protection act d) freedom of information act a) HIPPA European privacy protection is _______ than in the United States a) less far-reaching b) less liable to laws c) much less stringent d) much more stringent d) much more stringent The Internet has made the protection of intellectual property a) more difficult, because of the lack of enforceable regulations b) easier, because of proliferation of creative and professional software c) more difficult, because of the ease of copying and transmitting digitized media d) easier, because of the ability to track user behavior and visits to web sites and filesharing services c) more difficult, because of the ease of copying and transmitting digitized media The US Department of Commerce, developed a _______ framework in order to enable US businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries a) COPPA b) P3P c) PGP d) safe-harbor d) safe-harbor When a cookie is created during a Web site visit, it is stored a) on the web site computer b) on the visitor's computer c) on the ISP's computer d) in a web directory b) on the visitor's computer A(n) _______ model of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests that the data not be collected a) opt-in b) opt-out c) P3P d) PGP b) opt-out The Online Privacy Alliance a) encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members b) protects user privacy during interactions with web sites c) has established technical guidelines for ensuring privacy d) is a government agency regulating the use of customer information a) encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members The robotics startup you work for has developed an AI-controlled robotic nurse, intended to care for end-of-life patients who are often unconscious. Which five moral dimensions does this raise? a) system quality b) quality of life c) accountability and control d) property rights and obligations b) quality of life The P3P standard is concerned with a) controlling pop-up ads based on user profiles and preventing ads from collecting or sending information b) allowing users to surf the web anonymously c) scrambling data so that it can't be read d) blocking or limiting cookies d) blocking or limiting cookies Intellectual property can best be described as a) intangible property created by individuals or corporations b) the expression of an intangible idea c) unique creative work or ideas d) tangible or intangible property called from a unique idea a) intangible property created by individuals or corporations A limitation of trade secret protection for software is that a) it does not protect against copying the underlying ideas behind the software b) it is difficult to compare one piece of software to another c) it is difficult to prevent the ideas in the work from falling into the public domain d) few software programs contain truly unique elements c) it is difficult to prevent the ideas in the work from falling into the public domain What legal mechanism protects the owners of intellectual property from having their work copied by others? a) patent protection b) intellectual property law c) copyright law d) fair use doctrine c) copyright law "Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with a) the distinction between tangible and intangible ideas b) the distinction between an idea and its expression c) using the graphical elements of another product d) using the creative elements of another product b) the distinction between an idea and its expression The strength of patent protection is that it a) puts the strength of law behind copyright b) allows protection from internet theft of ideas put forth publicly c) is easy to define d) grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas d) grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas One of the difficulties of patent protection is a) that only the underlying ideas are protected b) digital media cannot be patented c) preventing the ideas from falling into public domain d) the years of waiting to receive it d) the years of waiting to receive it Which of the following adjusts copyright laws to the Internet age by making it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials? a) digital millennium copyright act b) privacy act c) freedom of information act d) electronic communications privacy act a) digital millennium copyright act In general, it is very difficult to hold software producers liable for their software products when those products are considered to be a) part of a machine b) similar to books c) services d) artistic expressions b) similar to books It is not feasible for companies to produce error-free software because a) any programming code is susceptible to error b) it is too expensive to create perfect software c) errors can be introduced in the maintenance stage of development d) any software of any complexity will have errors b) it is too expensive to create perfect software The most common source of business systems failure is a) software bugs b) software errors c) hardware or facilities failures d) data quality d) data quality Software presents liability problems in terms of legal protections for users because a) of the difficulty in classifying its role as a machine, a service, or a book b) of the inability to review the actual programming behind the software c) of its inherent similarity to books and periodicals, and therefore it is protected by the First Amendment d) there are so many parties involved in its creation and distribution a) of the difficulty in classifying its role as a machine, a service, or a book Two of the three principal sources of poor system performance are a) software bugs and errors and outdated standards b) hardware or facility failures and malware c) hardware or facility failures and poor input data quality d) poor input data quality and insufficient integration with legacy systems c) hardware or facility failures and poor input data quality The "do anything anywhere" computing environment can a) make work environments much more pleasant b) create economies of efficiency c) centralize power at corporate headquarters d) blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time d) blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time The practice of spamming has been growing because a) telephone solicitation is no longer legal b) it is good advertising practice and brings in many new customers c) it helps pay for the internet d) it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people d) it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people The US CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 a) makes spamming illegal b) requires spammers to identify themselves c) has dramatically cut down spamming d) does not override state anti-spamming laws b) requires spammers to identify themselves Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does spamming raise? a) quality of life b) system quality c) accountability and control d) information rights and obligations a) quality of life Re-designing and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because a) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses b) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by poor data quality c) support for middle-management decision making may be offset by poor data quality d) reliance on technology results in the loss of hands-on knowledge a) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses The term "_______ divide" refers to large disparities in access to computers and the Internet among different social groups and different locations a) computer b) technology c) digital d) electronic c) digital _______ can be induced by tens of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads a) CTS b) CVS c) RSI d) technostress c) RSI CVS refers to a) eyestrain related to computer display screen use b) carpal vision syndrome c) wrist injuries brought about by incorrect hand position when using a keyboard d) stress induced by technology a) eyestrain related to com The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that If something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator want somoenation for this work A(n) ________ model of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests that the data not be collected. opt out Advertisers use ________ in order to display more relevant ads based on a user's search and browsing history. behavioral targeting According to the ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. Risk Aversion Principle Which of the following gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? HIPAA NORA is: a data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within moral dimensions of: Quality of life The use of computers to compute data from multiple sources and create digital dossiers of detail information on individuals is called: Profiling The features of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called: Accountability The practice in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood, and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called: due process According to the ______ rule, if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all. slippery slope In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property fall within the moral dimension of: property rights and obligations Which of the following is primary drawback of the "do anything anywhere" computing environment? It blurs the traditional boundaries between work and family time Accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make is referred to as responsibility The _________ prohibits an organization from collecting any personal information unless the individual specifically takes action to approve information collection and use. The opt-in model Which of the following protects the authors of a book from having their work copied by others? copyright law Digital media differs from the physical book in all of the following ways except: ease of establishing uniqueness Which of the following is not one of the five steps discussed in the chapter as a process for analyzing an ethical issue? assign responsibility "Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with: the distinction between an idea and it's expression. All of the following are current key technology trends raising ethical issues except: increase in data quality The introduction of new information technology has: a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. NORA is a data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources. The practice in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood, and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called: due process. The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that: if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work The U.S. Department of Commerce developed a(n) ________ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. safe harbor Advertisers use ________ in order to display more relevant ads based on a user's search and browsing history. behavioral targeting _________ prohibits an organization from collecting any personal information unless the individual specifically takes action to approve information collection and use. The opt-in model Which of the following is the most common source of business system failure? data quality Redesigning and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because: increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses. The term "________" refers to large disparities in access to computers and the Internet among different social groups and different locations. Digital divide The NAI is an industry association formed to help with which of the following? Online privacy issues Which of the following is not protected by copyright law? Artwork (incorrect) _________ prohibits an organization from collecting any personal information unless the individual specifically takes action to approve information collection and use. The opt-in model Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of DoubleClick raise? Information rights and obligations Which of the following best describes how new information systems can result in legal gray areas? They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws. In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property fall within the moral dimension of: property rights and obligations. Which of the following is not true about the changes to EU data protection rules proposed in 2012? The new rules would reject the right to be forgotten A(n) ________ model of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests that the data not be collected. Opt-out The U.S. Department of Commerce developed a(n) ________ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. Safe harbor Which of the following gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? HIPAA "Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with: the distinction between an idea and its expression. In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within the moral dimension of: Quality of life The feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called: Accountability The FIP principle of Notice/Awareness states that: Websites must disclose their information practices before collecting data. Which of the following is not one of the practices added in 2010 by the FTC to its framework for privacy? Firms should limit the length of time that any personal data is stored to six months or less. Advertisers use ________ in order to display more relevant ads based on a user's search and browsing history. Behavioral targeting ________ grants the owner an exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years. Patent law Which of the following forms of protection of intellectual property requires that the property be the subject of a nondisclosure agreement? Trade secrets ________ are not held liable for the messages they transmit. Regulated common carriers Digital media differs from a physical book in all of the following ways except: ease of establishing uniqueness Which of the following were involved in what has been called the patent trial of the century? Apple and Samsung According to the ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. risk aversion principle Which of the following restricts the information the U.S. federal government can collect and regulates what it can do with the information? Privacy Act of 1974 All of the following laws apply to actions by the federal government except: the Freedom of Information Act. (incorrect) Which of the following is not a file-sharing service? Pandora According to the ________ rule, if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all. slippery-slope What percent of global Internet users use Google Search and other Google services? Nearly 80 percent Which of the following statements about spam is not true? Spam costs for business are very high. (incorrect) NORA is: a data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources. The Online Privacy Alliance: encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members. Which of the following statements about Flash cookies is not true? Flash cookies are installed only at the user's request. FIP principles are based on the notion of the: mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual. TRUSTe is an example of which of the following? Online seal program The introduction of new information technology has: a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. A classic ethical dilemma is the hypothetical case of a man stealing from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. If you used the utilitarian principle to evaluate this situation, you might argue that stealing the food is: acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family. The term "________" refers to large disparities in access to computers and the Internet among different social groups and different locations. Digital divide The U.S. CAN-SPAM Act: requires commercial email senders to identify themselves. Which of the following protects the authors of a book from having their work copied by others? Copyright law Which of the following is not a U.S. federal law affecting private institutions? Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (incorrect) CVS refers to: eyestrain related to computer display screen use. The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that: a) if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take b) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action c) if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work d) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time e) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost c) if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work Interpretations of Moore's law assert that: a) transistors decrease in size 50% every two years b) data storage costs decrease by 50% every 18 months c) computing power doubles every 18 months d) computing power will eventually level off e) PCs decrease in market share by 9% every 5 years c) computing power doubles every 18 months According to ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. a) Kant's categorical imperative b) the "no free lunch" rule c) the Golden Rule d) the utilitarian principle e) the risk aversion principle e) the risk aversion principle ________ means that you accept the potential costs and obligations for the decisions you make. a) Responsibility b) Accountability c) Duty d) Due process e) Liability a) Responsibility ________ states that the value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members. a) Law of scalability b) Law of networks c) Metcalfe's Law d) Law of outsourcing e) Moore's Law c) Metcalfe's Law The use of computers to assemble data from different sources to create digital dossiers of detailed information about individuals is known as which of the following? a) Spyware b) Phishing c) Spamming d) Profiling e) Targeting d) Profiling When a cookie is created during a website visit, it is stored: a) on the ISP's servers b) in the browser's application settings c) nowhere, because they are only used during a visit and are discarded once a visitor leaves the Web site d) on the website's server e) on the hard drive of the visitor's computer e) on the hard drive of the visitor's computer Which of the following best describes how new information systems can result in legal gray areas? a) they are little understood by politicians or lawyers b) they work with networked, digital data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually c) they result in new situations that are not covered by old laws d) they are implemented by technicians rather than managers d) they are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores. c) they result in new situations that are not covered by old laws A colleague at work takes small amounts of office supplies for her own personal use, saying that this is a tiny loss to the company. You tell her that if everyone were to take office supplies, then the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which of the following ethical principles? a) the slippery-slope rule b) the "No free lunch" rule c) Kant's Categorical Imperative d) the Golden Rule e) the Risk Aversion Principle c) Kant's Categorical Imperative Digital media differs from a physical book in all of the following ways except: a) ease of transmission b) ease of establishing uniqueness c) ease of alteration d) ease of replication e) ease of global distribution b) ease of establishing uniqueness Which of the following ethical guidelines suggests that you put yourself in the place of others, and think of yourself as the object of the decision? a) the risk aversion principle b) the utilitarian principle c) Kant's categorical imperative d) the Golden Rule e) the "no free lunch" rule d) the Golden Rule ________ is a feature of law-governed society and involves having laws that are known and understood, along with the ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly. a) Due process b) Accountability c) the judicial system d) Liability e) Responsibility a) Due process Which of the following refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a larger number of users without breaking down? a) Scalability b) Disintermediation c) Expandability d) Modality e) Customizability a) Scalability Which of the following types of computing involves purchasing computing power from a remote provider and paying only for the computing power used? a) Grid b) Edge c) Quantum d) Autonomic e) On-demand e) On-demand Which of the following forms of protection of intellectual property requires that the property be the subject of a nondisclosure agreement? a) Copyright b) Trademark c) Patent d) Trade secret e) All forms of intellectual property protection d) Trade secret Which one is not one of the features of Big Data that makes it powerful? a) zooming in to subsets of the data b) always finding a pattern with a large enough number of variables c) offering a constant stream of new information d) finding unbiased opinions e) making it easy to run A/B tests b) always finding a pattern with a large enough number of variables Which of the following protects the authors of a book from having their work copied by others? a) Fair Use Doctrine b) Due process c) Copyright law d) Trade Secret law e) Patent protection c) Copyright law Which ethical rule states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all? a) Lemming rule b) Utilitarian principle c) Slippery-slope rule d) High-failure cost rule e) Golden Rule c) Slippery-slope rule ________ grants the owner exclusive ownership of the ideas behind an invention for 20 years. a) Copyright law b) Patent law c) Trademark law d) Trade secret protection e) Privacy law b) Patent law In the ________ model of informed consent, personal information can be collected until the consumer specifically requests that his or her data not be collected. a) opt-out b) opt-in c) PGP d) safe harbour e) P3P a) opt-out