Introduction to Information Systems and Data Analytics Answers Part 7

Copyright is the legal protection afforded intellectual property, including drawings, movies, and maps. True Spam is legally defined as any e-mail that is unsolicited. False Which of the following is the primary reason that the practice of spamming has grown exponentially? it is inexpensive and can reach a lot of people Privacy protection in the United States is ________ in Europe. less stringent Software programs were unprotected by copyright law until the early 1990s. False Flash Cookies cannot be deleted through the browser's normal configuration settings as regular cookies can Taking the action that produces the least harm best describes the Risk Aversion The problem with Web browsers' Do Not Track options is that Web sites aren't obligated to honor these settings. True ________ is a societal practice of having laws that are known and understood, along with the ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly. Due Process The extreme difference among different social groups regarding their access to computers and the Internet is called the ________ divide. digital Which of the following best describes the basis for the FIP principles? the mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual Which of the following U.S. laws gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? HIPPA Which of the following is not one of the current key technology trends that raises ethical issues? Improved multimedia quality Which of the following is a primary drawback to the "do anything anywhere" computing environment? blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time` Liability is a feature of political systems and allows individuals to recover damages done to them by others. True Most Internet businesses do very little to protect the privacy of their customers. True The drawback to patent protection the years of waiting to receive it. The ________ brought copyright law to the Internet age by outlawing the circumvention of technology-based protections of copyrighted materials. Digital Millennium Copyright Act Computer abuse refers to acts involving the computer that may not be illegal but are considered unethical. True Key differences between software and books include all of the following except Software products are more easily compared to each other than books. The ________ framework developed by the U.S. Department of Commerce allows U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. Safe Harbor The introduction of new information technology has: a ripple effect, raising new ethical, social, and political issues. NORA is a data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources. The practice in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood, and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called: due process. The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that: if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work The U.S. Department of Commerce developed a(n) ________ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. safe harbor Advertisers use ________ in order to display more relevant ads based on a user's search and browsing history. behavioral targeting _________ prohibits an organization from collecting any personal information unless the individual specifically takes action to approve information collection and use. The opt-in model Which of the following is the most common source of business system failure? data quality Redesigning and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because: increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses. The term "________" refers to large disparities in access to computers and the Internet among different social groups and different locations. Digital divide According to the ____________ rule, if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all. slippery-slope ______________ can be induced by tens of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads. RSI Which of following statements about Flash cookies is not true? Flash cookies are installed only at a user's request. Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative states that: if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take. When a cookie is created during a website visit, it is stored: on the hard drive of the visitor's computer All of the following are technical solutions to protecting user privacy except: data use policies. TRUSTe is an example of which of the following? Online seal program Advertisers use ____________ in order to display more relevant ads based on a user's search and browsing history. behavioral targeting The U.S. CAN-SPAM Act: requires commercial email senders to identify themselves. Which of the following forms of protection of intellectual property requires that the property be the subject of a nondisclosure agreement? Trade secret _____________ prohibits an organization from collecting any personal information unless the individual specifically takes action to approve information collection and use. The opt-in model The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that: if something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work. NORA is: a data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources. The U.S. Department of Commerce developed a(n) ______________ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. safe harbor Which of the following is not a difficulty in establishing patent protection? The requirement that the work must be a secret What percent of global Internet users use Google Search and other Google services? Nearly 80 percent The feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called: accountability. _____________ are not held liable for the messages they transmit. Regulated common carriers The use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create digital dossiers of detailed information on individuals is called: profiling. Which of the following is a primary drawback of the "do anything anywhere" computing environment? It blurs the traditional boundaries between work and family time. The introduction of new information technology has a: Ripple effect All of the following are current key technology trends raising ethical issues except: increase in multimedia quality. Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of ChoicePoint raise? Information rights and obligations The practice in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood, and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called Due process A colleague of yours frequently takes, for his own personal use, small amounts of office supplies noting that the loss to the company is minimal. You counter that if everyone were to take office supplies the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which historical ethical principle? Kant's Categorical Imperative Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative states that: if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take. According to the ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. Risk Aversion Principle Which U.S. act restricts the information the federal government can collect and regulates what they can do with the information? Privacy Act of 1974 FIP principles are based on the notion of the: mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual. When a cookie is created during a Web site visit, it is stored: Visitors computer When a cookie is created during a Web site visit, it is stored: Birthplace Intellectual property can best be described as: intangible property created by individuals or corporations. ________ are not held liable for the messages they transmit. Regulated common carriers It is not feasible for companies to produce error-free software because: Expensve to mkae a new software The "do anything anywhere" computing environment can: D) blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time. Re-designing and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because: increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses. The term "________ divide" refers to large disparities in access to computers and the Internet among different social groups and different locations. Digital ________ can be induced by tens of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads. RSI Professionals take on special rights and obligations because of their special claims to knowledge, wisdom and respect. -True Privacy is the right to be left alone when you want to be, without surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations. -True Spyware is software that comes hidden in downloaded applications and can track your online movements. -True Most Internet businesses do very little to protect the privacy of their customers. -True Copyright is the legal protection afforded intellectual property, such as a song, book, or video game. -True In white-collar fraud, information systems are most typically used as a means to hide financial evidence of crimes. -True The drawback to copyright protection is that the underlying ideas behind the work are not protected, only their reproduction in a product. -True The European Parliament has passed a ban on unsolicited commercial messaging. -True The most common type of computer-related RSI is CTS. -True Technostres is computer-related malady whose symptoms include fatigue. -True Even in today's legal climate, there is little incentive for firms to cooperate with prosecutors investigating financial crimes at their firm. -False Advances in data storage have made routine violations of individual privacy more difficult. -False The last step in analyzing an ethical issue should be to identify the stakeholders-people who have a vested interest in the outcome of the decision. -False Most American and European privacy law is based on a set of five principles called COPPA. -False Data gathered by online behavioral tracking firms is limited to the user's behavior on a single web site. -False The copyright office began registering software programs in the 1990s -False According to the courts, in the creation of software, unique concepts, general functional features, and even colors are protectable by copyright law. -False The key concepts in patent law are originality, novelty, and value. -False Despite the passage of several laws defining and addressing computer crime, accessing a computer system without authorizations is not yet a federal crime. -False Any unsolicited e-mail is legally considered spam. -False The 2012 FTC report on industry-best practices for protecting individuals' privacy focused on each of the following topics except -phasing out of self-regulatory codes Which of the following best describes how new information systems result in legal gray areas? -they result in new situations that are not covered by old laws The introduction of new technology has a A) Dampering effect on the discourse of business ethics B) Ripple effect raising new ethical, social, and political issues C) Benificial effect for society as a whole, while raising delimmas for consumers D) waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues B In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property fall within the moral dimension of A) Property rights and obligations B) system quality C) accountability and control D) information rights and obligations A In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within the moral dimension of -quality of life All of the following are current key technology trends raising ethical issues except - increase in multimedia quality The use of computer to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals is called A) Profiling B) Phasing C) Spamming D) Targeting A Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of ChoicePoint raise? -Information rights and obligations NORA is a A) Profiling technology used by the EU B) federal privacy law protecting networked data C) data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources. D) sentencing guidelines adopted in 1987 mandating stiff sentences on business excutives C Accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make is referred to as -responsibility The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called -due process The feature of social institutions that mean mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called. A) due process. B) accountability C) the courts of appeal D) the judicial system B Which of the following is not one of the five steps discussed in the chapter as a process for analyzing an ethical issue? -assign responsibility A colleague of yours frequently takes for his own personal use small amounts of office supplies, noting that the loss to the company is minimal. You counter that if everyone were to take the office supplies, the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which historical ethical principle? A) Kant's Categorical Imperative B) the golden rule C) the risk aversion principle D) the no free lunch rule A Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative states that -if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take A classic ethical dilemma is the hypothetical case of a man stealing from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. If you used the Utilitarian Principle to evaluate this situation, you might argue that stealing the food is A) acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm. B) acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family. C) wrong, because the man would not want the grocery to steal from him. D) wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated. B The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. D) everything is owned by someone else, and that the creator wants compensation for this work. D According to the ______, you should take the action that produces the least harm. -Risk Aversion Principle Which US act restricts the information the federal government can collect and regulates what they can do with the information? A) Privacy Act of 1974 B) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 C) Freedom of Information Act D) HIPAA of 1996 A FIP principles are based on the notion of the -Mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual The Federal Trade Commission FIP principle of Notice/Awareness states that A) customers must be allowed to choose how their information will be used for secondary purposes other than the supporting transaction. B) data collectors must take responsible steps to assure that consumer information is accurate and secure from unauthorized use. C) there is a mechanism in place to enforce FIP principles. D) Web sites must disclose their information practices before collecting data. -Web sites must disclose their information practices before collecting data Which of the following is not one of the practice added in 2010 by the FTP to its framework for privacy? -Firms should limit the length of time that a any personal data is stored to six months or less. Which of the following U.S. laws gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? A) HIPAA B) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act C) Privacy Protection Act D) Freedom of Information Act A European privacy protection is_____then in the United States. -much more strict U.S. businesses are allowed to use personal data from EU countries if they -develop equivalent privacy protection policies The U.S Department of Commerce developed a_______ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. A) COPPA B) P3P C) PGP D) safe-harbor -safe-harbor When a cookie is create during a Web site visit, it is stored -on the visitor's computer Flash cookies are different from ordinary cookies in that they A) Are installed only at the users request B) are not stored on the users computer C) cannot be easily detected or delted D) montior the users behavior at a Website C The Online Privacy Alliance -encourages self-regualtion to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members A(n)____ model of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until customer specifically requests that the data not be collected. A) opt-in B) opt-out C) P3P D) PGP B In the US, the claim to privacy is protected primarily by each of the following except -COPPA Which of the following statements about trade secrets is not true? A) Trade secret protections vary from state to state. B) Any intellectual product, regardless of its purpose, can be classified as a trade secret. C) Software that contains unique elements can be claimed as a trade secret. D) Trade secret law protects the actual ideas in a product. -Any intellectual product, regardless of its purpose, can be classified as a trade secret Intellectual property can best be described as A) intangible property created by individuals or corporations. B) unique creative work or ideas. C) tangible or intangible property created from a unique idea. D) the expression of an intangible idea. -intangible property created by individuals or corporations What legal mechanism protects the owners of intellectual property from having their work copied by others? A) Patent protection B) Intellectual property law C) Copyright law D) Fair Use Doctrine C "Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with A) the distinction between tangible and intangible ideas. B) the distinction between an idea and its expression. C) using the graphical elements of another product. D) using the creative elements of another product. -the distinction between an idea and its expression The strength of patent protection is that is A) puts the strength of law behind copyright. B) allows protection from Internet theft of ideas put forth publicly. C) is easy to define. D) grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas. -Grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas One of the difficulties of patent protection is A) that only the underlying ideas are protected. B) digital media cannot be patented. C) preventing the ideas from falling into public domain. D) the years of waiting to receive it. D Which of the following adjusts copyright laws to the Internet age by making it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials? A) Digital Millennium Copyright Act B) Privacy Act C) Freedom of Information Act D) Electronic Communications Privacy Act -Digital Millennium Copyrigth Act In general, it is very difficult to hold software producers liable for their software products when those products are considered to be A) part of a machine. B) similar to books. C) services. D) artistic expressions. -Similar to book ______are not held liable for the message they transmit. A) Regulated common carriers B) Private individuals C) Organizations and businesses D) Elected officials A It is not feasible for companies to produce error-free software because A) any programming code is susceptible to error. B) it is too expensive create perfect software. C) errors can be introduced in the maintenance stage of development. D) any software of any complexity will have errors. -it is too expensive to create perfect software