Basic Chemical Laws Task

Basic Chemical Laws Task Exercise 1 1. Sulfur dioxide gas is made by the reaction between sulfur gas and oxygen gas according to the reaction equation: S(g) + O2 (g) SO2 (g) What volumes of sulfur gas (T, P) and oxygen gas (T, P) are needed to make 50 liters of sulfur dioxide gas (T, P)? 2. On burning 5 liters (T, P) of alcohol according to the reaction: C2 H5 OH(g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2 O(l) determine the volume of oxygen (T, P) and the volume of carbon dioxide gas (T, P)! 3. In complete combustion of 10 liters (T, P) of a mixture of CH4 and C2 H4 according to the reaction: CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) C2 H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O(l) 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O(l) determine the arrangement of volumes in the mixture! Exercise 2 1. To make 36 grams of copper sulfide with a mass ratio of Fe : S = 7 : 4, determine the mass of iron and sulfur needed! 2. The ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of oxygen in CO2 is 3 : 4. What is the mass of each element in 28 grams of carbon dioxide gas? 3. On the reaction: PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) PCl5 (g) determine the volume ratio PCl3 : Cl2 : PCl5 ! 4. If two elements, S and O, can form two compounds, namely SO2 and SO3 , what is the ratio of the masses of the elements S and O in the first compound and the second compound? (Ar S = 32 and O = 16). 5. Two liters of a gaseous hydrocarbon (Cx Hy ) completely burned requires 6 liters of oxygen gas and produces 4 liters of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. Write down the reaction equation and determine the chemical formula of the hydrocarbon gas! 7. At a certain temperature and pressure, 5 liters of CO2 gas contains 6.02 × 1023 molecules. At the same temperature and pressure, what is the volume of 3.01 × 1024 molecules of NH3 gas ? 8. Eight liters of a gas mixture of methane (CH4 ) and propane (C3 H8 ) which is burned requires 25 liters of oxygen gas. W hat is the volume of each gas? 9. Ten liters of NxOy gas decomposes 10 liters of NO gas and 5 liters of O2 . Determine the chemical formula those gases! 10. Known reactions: C2 H4 + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 2 H2 O If air contains 20% oxygen, how many liters of air are needed to burn 2 liters of C2 H4 ? 11. How many liters of water vapor are formed from 4 liters of H2 gas and 2 liters of O2 gas ? write it down the reaction equation! 12. At a certain temperature and pressure, ethanol gas (C2 H5 OH) is completely burned with 60 liters of air containing 20% oxygen, according to the reaction equation: C2 H5 OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2 O When measured at temperature and the same pressure, determine: a. volume of ethanol burned b. the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced 13. One liter of gas mixture contains 60% methane gas (CH4 ) and 40% ethane gas (C2 H6 ). Write down the equation for the reaction and determine the volume of oxygen gas required! 14. At a certain temperature and pressure, 10 mL of nitrogen gas containing 1.204 × 1021 molecules, reacts with hydrogen as follows. N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) At the same temperature and pressure, determine: a. hydrogen volume and ammonia volume (NH3) b. the number of hydrogen and ammonia molecules is 15. A hydrocarbon (Cx Hy ) is completely burned with oxygen to produce CO2 gas and water vapor in equal volumes. Determine the ratio of x to y! Exercise 3 1. How do Gay Lussac's law and Avogadro's hypothesis sound? List the benefits of each of these laws! 2. In 1 liter of oxygen gas (T, P) there are 2.3 × 1022 oxygen molecules. At temperature and the same pressure, determine: a. number of molecules in 5 liters of ammonia gas b. the number of atoms in 10 liters of neon gas c. the number of molecules in 2 liters of hydrogen gas 3. At a certain temperature and pressure, one liter of nitrogen gas contains Q particles. At the same temperature and pressure, determine the number of particles in 7 liters of ammonia gas! 4. One liter (T, P) of phosphorus gas (P4 ) is reacted with 6 liters (T, P) of chlorine gas (Cl2 ) to form 4 liters of Px Cly gas . Determine the molecular formula of the gas Px Cly ! 5. A gaseous fuel consists of 80% by volume methane (CH4 ) and the rest is ethane (C2 H6 ). Calculate the volume of oxygen (T, P) required to completely burn 1 liter (T, P) of the fuel! 6. How many liters of air (T, P) are needed to completely burn 5 liters of C2 H6 , when the oxygen content in the air is 20%? The reaction equation is as follows. C2 H6 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2 O(l) (not yet equal) 7. In complete combustion of 10 liters (T, P) of a mixture of methane (CH4 ) and ethane (C2 H6 ) 13 liters of carbon dioxide (T, P) are produced . The equation for the reaction is: CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) 2 C2 H6 (g) + 7 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O(l) 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2 O(l) Calculate: a. composition of each gas in the mixture b. volume of oxygen required 8. In complete combustion of 5 liters of gas which is a mixture of methane (CH4 ) and acetylene (C2 H2 ) in electrolytes, 11 liters (T, P) of oxygen gas is required . The reaction equation is: CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) 2 C2 H2 (g) + 5 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O(l) 4 CO2 (g) + 2 H2 O(l) Calculate the volume of each gas in the mixture!