University:
Birmingham City University
Course:
B230 | MPharm Pharmacy
Academic year:

2023
Views:

160

Pages:

1
Author:

Stevi M.

Biopharmaceutical aspects Biopharmaceuticals is a science that aims to investigate the effect of making medicinal preparations on their therapeutic effects. There is no drug effect It depends only on the pharmacological effects, but also on the method of administration and especially on the formulation factors. Formulation factors that can influence the effects of drugs in the body are: a. Shape and size of active substance particles (amorphous or crystalline, degree of fineness). Drugs can be in solid form at room temperature (aspirin, atropine), liquid form (tocopherol, ethanol), or in gas form (nitrogen oxide). The dissolution speed of a drug is directly proportional to its surface area, meaning that the smaller the particle size, the greater the contact surface area, so the better dissolution/solubility. The molecular size of commonly used drugs varies from very small (Lithium ion molecular weight 7) to very large (alteplase a protein with a molecular weight of 59,050). In general, drugs have a molecular weight of 100 to 1000. Drugs with a molecular weight of more than 1000 do not diffuse easily between body compartments (from site of administration to site of action). b. Chemical forms of active substances (acids, bases, esters, salts, solvates) Hydrates contain crystal water such as ampicillin trihydrate can cause absorption to be slower than the chemical form that does not contain crystal water, namely ampicillin. Ethinyl estradiol as a oral drug to sex hormone that are broken down by gastric juice and testosterone decanoate together with erythromycin which is given as an ester namely erythromycin stearate and erythromycin estolate. c. Additional materials (fillers, adhesives, pelicans, protectors and so on) The use of lactose as a filler in phenytoin tablets can increase the bioavailability of phenytoin so that absorption is increased and reaches toxic levels. The use of hydrophobic substances such as stearic acid and magnesium stearate as lubricants to facilitate the flow of the molded tablet mixture can actually inhibit the dissolution of the active substance. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the right amount for the use of this adjuvant. d. The dosage manufacturing process (pressure on the tablet machine, emulgator speed, and so on). Excessive pressure in making tablets can slow down the disintegration time of the tablet so that the absorption process of the active substance will be hampered.