University:
Borough of Manhattan Community College
Course:
PSY 100 | Introduction to Psychology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

269

Pages:

2
Author:

Z. Hayward

ADHD What Is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is the medical term for a mental disorder in the form of impulsive and hyperactive behavior. ADHD symptoms make it difficult for children to focus on one thing at a time. Although it is more susceptible to children, the symptoms that appear can persist into adolescence and even adulthood. ADHD is divided into 3 subtypes, namely: 1. Dominant hyperactive-impulsive. This type usually presents with hyperactivity problems along with impulsive behavior. 2. Inattentive dominant. This type is characterized by difficulty paying full attention to one thing at a time. Children with this condition tend not to be able to pay attention well. 3. Combination of hyperactivity-impulsiveness and inattention. This type shows characteristics of being hyperactive, impulsive, and unable to pay attention properly. Causes of ADHD Experts still don't know what causes ADHD for certain until now. However, these mental health problems can arise due to an imbalance of chemical compounds (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Experts suspect that the following conditions can trigger this condition in children: 1. Genetics Until now, genetics is the only main cause of ADHD. In addition, this condition tends to run in families. In many cases, experts suspect that genes from one or both parents are an important factor in the development of this disorder. 2. Function and structure of the brain Studies have identified several possible differences in the brains of people who develop ADHD from those who don't have the condition. The study used brain scans. As a result, certain brain areas may be smaller in size in someone with ADHD, while other areas may be larger. Other studies also suggest that someone with this condition may have an imbalance in neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Apart from that, other allegations state that the chemicals in the brain may not function properly. 3. Exposure to neurotoxins during pregnancy Apart from that, experts also suspect that there is a connection between ADHD and certain neurotoxin chemicals, such as lead and certain types of pesticides. Children's exposure to lead can affect their level of education. This is related to lack of attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Meanwhile, exposure to organophosphate pesticides is also associated with these mental disorders. This is a chemical that is widely used in grass and agricultural products. Studies show that organophosphate chemicals have the potential to have a negative effect on children's neurological development. 4. Smoking and consuming alcohol during pregnancy Being an active or passive smoker during pregnancy is also related to the behavior of children with ADHD. Apart from that, children who are exposed to alcohol and drugs when they are still fetuses in the womb are also more likely to experience similar conditions.