University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS BI 10 | Biology 1
Academic year:

2024
Views:

228

Pages:

2
Author:

Magdalena Acosta

How to Make a Cladogram (Adapted from ENSI/SENSI lesson plan: Making Cladograms) Cladograms are diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”. By depicting these relationships, cladograms reconstruct the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of the taxa. Cladograms can also be called “phylogenies” or “trees”. Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their shared derived characteristics. Example: 1. Given these characters and taxa: Characters Vertebrae Two pairs of limbs Mammary glands Placenta Shark X Taxa Bullfrog X X Kangaroo X X Human X X X X X 2. Draw a Venn diagram. Start with the character that is shared by all the taxa on the outside. Inside each box, write the taxa that have only that set of characters. Placenta: Human Mammary glands: Kangaroo Two pairs of limbs: Bullfrog BHBu Vertbrae: Shark 3. Convert the Venn diagram into a cladogram like so: Shark Bullfrog Kangaroo Human Placenta Mammary glands Two pairs of limbs Vertebrae Name:______________________ Period:______ Date__________ Cladogram Worksheet Convert the following data table into a venn diagram, and then into a cladogram: Characters Sponge Cells with X flagella Symmetry Bilateral symmetry Mesoderm Head develops first Anus develops first Segmented body Calcified Shell Chitonous Exoskeleton Watervascular system Vertebrae Jellyfish Flatworm Earthworm Snail Fruitfly Starfish Human X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (X) X X X X X X X X X X X X X Venn Diagram (Draw your cladogram on the back): X X X X X

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