EMT Final Exam: Key Concepts and Procedures

EMT Final Question EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the: Which of the following is a unique function of the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD)? The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the: What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe? The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to: The term “pharmacology” is MOST accurately defined as: Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? An end-stage cancer patient is abusive and complaints about how the system cannot cure him. He is likely in what stage? You are at a nursing home to care for a confused 88 year old with terminal cancer. She has a DNR order. You should: You arrive at a motor vehicle crash where the FD is stabilizing the vehicle and the PD is directing traffic. You first: You arrive at the scene of a domestic violence situation and hear screaming and some shout "He has a gun!". You should: The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to": You are treating a 42 year old with severe chest pains who does not want to be treated or transported. You should: A 13 year old is unconscious and has multiple injuries. The child's parents will be at the scene in 15 minutes. You: In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information? Your BEST protection against legal liability when a competent patient refuses EMS care and transport is to: When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cant be found: You arrive at the scene of a DOA. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death? = The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the: When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence? Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? An EMT would MOST likely be held liable for abandonment if he or she: Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct? Answer National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Providing callers with life-saving instructions Medical director Off-line Identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed The study of drugs and their actions on the body An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used Sublingually Anger Make her comfortable and provide emotional support Report to the incident commander Seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance Wash your hands in between patient contacts Ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital The patient is competent and signs a release form Thoroughly document the entire event Begin resuscitation at once Dependent lividity Standard of care Exercise reasonable care and act prudently Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation Did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence You are dispatched to a shooting- police have a semiconscious suspect in custody with a gunshot to the chest. You should: In questioning a short of breath 75 year old, you progressively move closer and closer. It's important to remember that: A conscious 60-year-old man complains of chest pain and denies shortness of breath. Which question is most appropriate? In what manner should you act and speak with a patient? Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is MOST correct? When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: Your patient, a 44-year-old man, has chest pain & does not speak English. There is no interpreter on scene. You should: When documenting a patient's blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this: A ___________ receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being: Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming the order you: An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the ___________ position: The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae The bones of the forearm are called the: The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the: As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the: The heart muscle is called the: Your call is for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of her you remember that While examinating a 13 month old with fever and vomitting, you will MOST likely find that she: An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: The recognition of the need for early intervention in cardiac arrest resulted in efforts to train citizens in Laws that protect anyone who voluntarily stops and aids a person in an emergency are called EMT’s who render aid at a scene of an accident when off duty usually do so because of Reports of the patient care in the field must be presented_______ to the receiving hospital staff. Quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient As you physically get closer to the patient, a greater and greater sense of trust must be established "Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?" Calm and confident Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety Most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions Use short simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the complaint Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it repeater bilateral Advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification prone Fowler's Foramen magnum Seven radius and ulna epiglottis Alveoli hypoxic drive myocardium Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times Responds to her name but is fearful of your presence Continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. CPR Good Samaritan laws Moral or ethical duty Both verbally and in writing The need for rapid, universal access to emergency assistance resulted in establishment of The highest level of training in EMS is Once an EMT is certified, they may practice Which personality traits best describe the ideal EMT? Common infectious illness that an EMT may encounter include A common person who voluntarily stops to help an injured traveler is called a What is the best way to transfer care of a patient Decisions regarding what facility to transport a patient from the scene of an accident are the responsibility of the The first priority of any EMT in the field is Medical information received by an EMT must Diseases which an EMT can be immunized against include Instructions for medical care that a person leaves for others in advance of a life-threatening medical situation is a: Which will allow an EMT to terminate care of a patient? An advanced directive that specifically forbids CPR is called Which is off-line medical control of EMT practice? Assumed agreement by an unconscious person to allow medical care is called IV needles should be discarded in The medical procedures that the EMT can perform by state statute are called the The nose is _____ to the mouth The nipples are ____ to the midline Which organ plays an important role in the defense of the body from disease? When measuring blood pressure, the appropriate PPE is Which is the last structure that air would reach on inhalation? The _____________________ is commonly defined by state law and outlines the care that an EMT may provide. What is the normal range for a respiratory rate in an adult patient Deviation from the established standard of care may: In determining legal negligence, the following four elements must be present: duty, breach of duty, damages and: The type of consent where a sound of mind patient understands and wants to receive care is: If a mentally competent patient with a minor injury refuses transport to a hospital, you should An advance directive is a document that specifies: Compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) has the following effects: Definitive signs of death include the following except An incomplete or untidy patient care report may be viewed by a court as: When treating a patient with a serious head injury and the patient is a known organ donor and may not live, you 911 Paramedic Within the states scope of practice for that level EMT Kind and compassionate Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Good Samaritan Transfer care to nurse or MD and give a report EMT in charge Personal safety Be kept in confidence, unless required by law to report Hepatitis B Advanced directive Patient no longer wants it A DNR order MD approval and review of treatment & protocols Implied consent Sharps container Scope of practice superior Lateral skin gloves Alveolus Scope of practice 12-20 Cause criminal charges to be filed, result in Civil Prosecution, bring sanctions from state regulatory agencies Cause informed consent Document your assessment on a patient care report and have the patient sign a refusal form Medical treatments that a patient would like to withhold or receive if they become unable to make decesions Protected health information may be shared with those directly providing patient care Exposed brain tissue Evidence of incompetence by the author treat the patient in the same manner you would another patient with similar injuries should What is the name of the breast bone? The front of the patient is referred to as the _________ aspect of the patient Which medication route indicates the medication is to be taken into the mouth and swallowed? How many injections are in a complete Hepatitis B vaccination series: Which of the following is a procedure that evidencebased practice has made obsolete? What is the name of the process that debriefs rescuers after an difficult call that might be causing them stress? What is the ideal way to lift weight safely? Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? What consent is involved when a 39 y/o mentally competent female with severe headache asks to be taken to the hospital? A “coordinated network of professionals whose function is to provide for people who need emergency care” best describes In which situation would the EMT NOT have a duty to act? Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the administration of ALS? A patient lying face up on his back is in what position? What is the primary muscle of breathing? What is the correct order for air flowing out of the respiratory system? What best describes the function of the alveoli? Which sign or symptom can be a sign of respiratory distress? Which sign or symptom can be a sign of respiratory arrest? Which skin color is most likely due to a respiratory problem? Which rate most likely represents adequate air exchange in an adult? Which speech pattern indicates a patient with adequate air exchange? The aspect of natural ventilation that involves the diaphragm contracting and the chest wall expanding is: The process by which carbon dioxide moves from a high concentration in the capillaries to the lower concentration in alevoli A patient who is developing early stages of hypoxia may exhibit: A patient who to takes an occasional gasping breath after their heart has stopped has: If a D-sized oxygen cylinder contains 300 L of oxygen and is at 2,000 PSI, the patient's 15lpm non-rebreather will run: Properly performed suctioning of a patient may still cause: When using a bag-valve-mask device, the key finding to observe to assure adequate ventilation is: The most common complication of bag-valve-mask use is: The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the: Sternum Anterior PO 3 Insertion of bite sticks CISD/CISM Weight close to the body; back straight A team of health professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care & transportation to the sick/injured Expressed EMS Driving by a motor vehicle crash while off duty a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillator with an automated external defibrillator (AED) Supine Diaphragm Alveoli, bronchiole, bronchi, trachea, larynx, epiglottis, pharynx To exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide Very rapid breathing No breathing Cyanosis 16 times per minute Complete sentences Inhalation diffusion Restlessness Agonal respirations 30 minutes Hypoxia good chest rise and fall gastric distension alveolar sacs Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: Inhalation occurs when the: bronchus Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries epiglottis Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure Moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you Corner of the mouth to the earlobe should measure from the: You insert an oral pharyngeal airway into an unconscious Remove the airway and be prepared to suction her 19 year old and she gags violently. You should: orophrarynx maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it Can patient with a gag reflex The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the Penetrating the cranium head/face is With the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: right nare A 71-year-old male is semiconscious with vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. You must Perform oropharyngeal suctioning first: The MOST significant complication associated with Hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts oropharyngeal suctioning is: You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating a patient with a BVM. She vomits suddenly - you should Rol her onto her side and remove the oral airway first: Which of the following patients should you place in the a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood recovery position? sugar and adequate breathing Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the Muscle longest without oxygen? The purpose of the pin-indexing system that has been Ensure that the correct regulator is used for the established for compressed gas cylinders is to: cylinder The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is 2000 approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi). Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is Oxygen supports the combustion process an may correct? cause a fire A patient who is severely hypoxic but is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: nonrebreathing mask With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15lpm, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering 90% oxygen up to: Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you Reservoir bag is fully inflated must ensure that the: The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the When the patient has mild distress or cannot tolerate a prehospital setting: nonrebreathing mask The use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the longThe main advantage of the Venturi mask is: term management of physiologically stable patients A conscious 51-year-old female has difficulty breathing 22bpm and regular and can speak full sentences. You Administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask should: As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve and the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is oxygen the: Your 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse is being ventilated but his BP drops suddenly. You Reevaluate the rate and volume of your ventilations should: You are performing mouth-to-mask breaths with oxygen 55% connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min.What % of O2 is given? All these will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a BVM except: After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to ventilate a critically injured patient. You should: Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed BVM ventilations in an apneic adult? Which of the following statements regarding the oneperson bag-mask device technique is correct? How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? CPAP is indicated for patients who: You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. You should: A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat & has a panicked look. He has a weak cough and faint stridor Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of airway obstruction? During ventilation the patients dentures loosen -you still get chest rise and her SPO2 is 96% with them loose in mouth. What is the minute volume of a patient w/ a tidal volume of 500 mL,dead space volume of 150 mL, & rate of 16? Which of the following structures is NOT found in the lower airway? Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? delivering each breath over 1 second Begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane Have severe work of breathing and can follow verbal commands Seal the mouth and nose Encourage him to keep coughing and transport Stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells shallow breathing Remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise 5600 mL Oropharynx Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries