Period 5 1844-1877 Unit Test

Period 5: 1844-1877 Unit Test Use the following excerpt to answer the questions that follow. "Next, I call the Spaniards who plunder that unhappy people torturers... For God's sake and man's faith in him, is this the way to impose the yoke of Christ on Christian men? Is this the way to remove wild barbarism from the minds of barbarians? Is it not, rather, to act like thieves, cut-throats, and cruel plunderers and to drive the gentlest of people headlong into despair? The Indian race is not that barbaric, nor are they dull witted or stupid, but they are easy to teach and very talented in learning all the liberal arts, and very ready to accept, honor, and observe the Christian religion and correct their sins (as experience has taught) once priests have introduced them to the sacred mysteries and taught them the word of God. They have been endowed with excellent conduct, and before the coming of the Spaniards, as we have said, they had political states that were well founded on beneficial laws." In Defense of the Indians, Bartolome' de las Casas' (1550) 1. Which would NOT accurately describe Native American societies upon European contact a. Native American societies were diverse, complex societies, highly adapted to their environments. b. Native societies were on the brink of collapse from tribal wars. C. Native societies possessed extensive trade networks. d. Native societies developed rich artistic traditions and religious traditions. Use the excerpt below to answer the questions that follow. "Colonial America also had regional differences among culture or historical reason for establishment as a colony. The Southern colonies were established as economic ventures and were seeking natural resources to provide material wealth to the mother country and themselves. In contrast, the early New England colonists were primarily religious reformers and separatists. They were seeking a new way of life to glorify God and for the greater good of their spiritual life. The Middle colonies welcomed people from various and diverse lifestyles. The social-political structure included all three varieties: villages, cities, and small farms." History and News Media, 2013 2. The reason for founding the Southern colonies led to conflict between Southern Colonies based on religious differences a. b. a distrust of Southern Colonies by English merchants C. an inability of Southern governors to regulate trade within the colonies d. an African majority of the population in some colonies due to increased slave use ENSLAVED PEOPLE OF AFRICAN DESCENT IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, 1750 North (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Comestican. New York, New Jersey, Pennylvania) Upper South Delaware, Maryland Viginia, North Camiline Lower South South Carolina, Geogiai 5 percent enslaved Estimated colonial populations in 1750 600.440 16 pervem enslaved Estimated colooul population is 1750477,350 54 percent raslaved Estimated colonul рорulаtаmin 17:50.69.200 3. The difference in slave populations depicted in the graphs most directly resulted from differences in a. climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture b. the degree of participation in the Atlantic economy c. colonial relationships with American Indians d. structures of British imperial control 4. The demographics of the lower South colonies in 1750 most directly contributed to which of the following conditions for enslaved people? a. Frequent conversion to evangelical Christianity b. Widespread opportunities for literacy C. Extensive apprenticeships in skilled trades d. Relative autonomy to preserve and adapt African traditions Use the illustration depicting smallpox victims in Central America in the 1500s to answer the questions below. 5. The event depicted in the illustration was a direct result of the a. Middle Passage b. widespread malnutrition C. the Columbian Exchange d. Bubonic Plague 6. Which of the following is a direct consequence of the decreased Native American population? a. There was an increased population of mixed raced children b. The Spaniards were able to dominate the African continent. C. There were less goods produced for trade. d. The Europeans brought African slaves to the New World. 7. How might the illustration tell of the experience of indigenous peoples during European exploration? a. Indigenous people endured disease and death spread from explorers. b. Explorers educated many by way of the Christian faith. c. Natives spent much time finding remedies to common illnesses. d. Europeans opened a window of opportunity for the discovery of many native diseases. "We found the region inhabited by a race of people who were entirely naked, both men and women... They have no laws, and no religious belief, but live according to the dictates of nature alone. They know nothing of the immortality of the soul; they have no private property, but everything in common, they have no boundaries or province, they obey no king or lord, for it is wholly each one is his own master... They made wars against each other, although they had neither kings, nor kingdoms, nor property of any kind... When we asked them about this, they gave us no other reason that that they did so to avenge the murder of their ancestors." Amerigo Vespucci, Spanish Explorer, 1502 8. The views expressed by Vespucci in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following a. A belief among Spanish colonizers that they were more civilized. b. The benefits brought about by the Columbian Exchange. c. The competition between Spanish and English colonizers. d. The devastating impact of the spread of deadly diseases. Questions 9-10 refer to the excerpt below "And whereas, by a law of the United States entitled "An act to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions," it is enacted that whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed or the execution thereof obstructed in any state,... it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to call forth the militia of such state to suppress such combinations and to cause the laws to be duly executed. And if the militia of a state, when such combinations may happen, shall refuse or be insufficient to suppress the same, it shall be lawful for the President, if the legislature of the United States shall not be in session, to call forth and employ such numbers of the militia of any other state or states most convenient thereto as may be necessary; ...if necessary, until the expiration of thirty days after the commencement of the of the ensuing session" George Washington, Proclamation Regarding the Whiskey Rebellion 1794 9. The above proclamation by George Washington showed the a. power of the state governments under the Articles of Confederation b. limits of the federal government in handling uprisings C. strength of the federal government under the Constitution. d. unwillingness of people to give up their unalienable rights 10. Why would George Washington not have the power to make this proclamation under the previous government? a. Only the king could call the militia to arms. b. There was no executive branch under the previous government. C Generals, such as Washington, had power only over federal troops, not militias. d. The Constitution did not give the president control over the military. Use the following excerpt to answer the questions that follow. If they have any right to tax us---then, whether our own money shall continue in our own pockets or not, depends no longer on us, but on them. In the words of Mr. Locke, "What property have we in that, which another may, by right, take when he pleases, to himself. These duties, which will inevitably be levied upon us---which are now levying upon us-are expressly laid FOR THE SOLE PURPOSES OF TAKING MONEY. This is the true definition of "taxes." They are therefore taxes. This money is to be taken from us. We are taxed without our own consent, expressed by ourselves or our representatives. We are therefore---I speak it with grief---I speak it with indignation---We are SLAVES. Letter from a Farmer, John Dickinson, Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser, January 11, 1768 11. According to the excerpt above, John Dickinson was influenced by which of the following developments in the 1700s? ideas from the First Great Awakening a. b. the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke C expansion of the abolitionist movement in Pennsylvania d. the emergence of Protestant evangelism in the colonies Use the following excerpt to answer the questions that follow. "Slavery hung over the Philadelphia Convention, threatening to divide northern and southern delegates. Even though slavery existed by law in some of the northern states in 1787, most people there favored its end. Southerners were more unsure about whether to end slavery, both because they had significantly greater numbers of slaves to deal with and because an end to [slavery] had important economic implications. The result was compromise. The Founding Fathers were more determined to fashion a new nation than they were to bring an end to slavery." Kermit Hall, historian, The Law of American Slavery, 1987 Which provision of the Constitution best exemplifies Hall's argument in the excerpt? 12. a. Elastic Clause b. New Jersey Plan C. Great Compromise d. Three-Fifths Clause Use the following excerpt to answer the questions that follow. "And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to our Interest, and the Security of our Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians with whom We are connected, and who live under our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed in the Possession of such Parts of Our Dominions and Territories as, not having been ceded to or purchased by Us, are reserved to them, as their Hunting Grounds. We do therefore, with the Advice of our Privy Council, declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of our Colonies of Quebec, East Florida or West Florida, do presume, upon any Pretense whatever, to grant Warrants of Survey, or pass any Patents for Lands beyond the Bounds of their respective Governments as described in their Commissions" Proclamation of 1763 Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, one of the biggest concerns of the British regarding North America was 13. creating a lasting peace with the French still residing in their new land acquisitions a. settling the newly acquired lands to establish commerce with Indians b. preventing westward expansion to mend relations with natives previously allied with the French. C. establishing governments that could control French Quebec and Spanish Florida d. ENCES THE SA PUNCH, OR THE LONDON CHARIVAR PIONKOE DOCTRINE 14. President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to a. respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions b. rule out U.S. involvement in Latin America c. provide a rationale for U.S. intervention in the Isthmus of Panama d. warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere