Consumers, Health Insurance and Dominated Choices (Figures)

Table 1. Plan choices, out-of-pocket premiums and enrollment, enrollees with individual coverage 2002 2003 2004 Vendor Plan OOP enrollment OOP enrollment OOP enrollment Vendor M HMO A $0 35.2% $0 35.3% $16.02 35.1% Vendor M POS $0 38.8% $0 38.0% $17.86 38.8% Vendor M PPO A n/a n/a n/a OOP $8.62 $57.18 $26.40 2005 enrollment 44.6% 22.5% 7.2% Vendor N HMO B $0 11.48% $0 11.2% $16.10 12.9% $24.22 13.7% Vendor O Vendor O Indemnity A PPO B $0 10.2% n/a $0 10.2% n/a $25.24 10.6% n/a $193.50 $49.94 5.0% 5.2% Vendor P Indemnity B $0 4.3% $0 4.1% $15.20 2.6% $0 1.9% Vendor Q HMO C (dropped from analysis because small enrollment) Table 2. Descriptive statistics for our study sample All enrollees with individual coverage Sample Female 64.3% age age age age 18-30 30-40 40-50 50+ Enrollees in HMO A or POS 65.1% 28.6% 28.0% 21.9% 21.5% 32.0% 29.6% 20.5% 18.0% Salary $0 - $40K Salary $40k - $60K Salary $60K+ 61.6% 24.4% 14.0% 60.8% 24.9% 14.3% Union 14.7% 14.3% Academic job 11.4% 11.5% residence location city outside city, same county other 51.1% 19.5% 29.4% 53.4% 19.1% 27.5% 27.92% 14.12% 6.5% 5.2% 5.1% 24.1% 29.8% 15.6% 6.8% 4.9% 4.8% 21.0% 10,758 7944 Tenure New employee 1-2 years 3-4 years 5-6 years 7-8 years 9-11 years 11+ years (before HMO A was dominated) n Table 3. Logit Results Sample workers with individual coverage in HMO A or POS Dep Var In dominated plan? (1=yes, 0=no) female age 18-29 age 30-39 age 40-49 (1) -0.189** (0.050) 0.113 (0.080) 0.248** (0.076) 0.208** (0.076) (2) -0.200** (0.050) 0.237** (0.083) 0.302** (0.077) 0.217** (0.076) (3) -0.207** (0.050) 0.234** (0.083) 0.273** (0.078) 0.193* (0.077) 0.795** (0.083) 0.400** (0.084) 0.847** (0.084) 0.424** (0.085) 0.834** (0.084) 0.404** (0.085) -0.256** (0.084) -0.262** (0.085) 0.214** (0.063) -0.067 (0.056) 0.205** (0.063) -0.061 (0.056) -0.108 (0.093) -0.705** (0.188) 0.200** (0.064) -0.063 (0.056) 0.124+ (0.068) 0.227** (0.069) 0.113+ (0.068) 0.072 (0.072) 0.009 (0.087) 0.441** (0.117) 0.548** (0.126) 0.574** (0.152) 0.423** (0.087) 0.098 (0.068) 0.071 (0.072) 0.007 (0.087) 0.430** (0.117) 0.535** (0.125) 0.557** (0.151) 0.500** (0.090) 0.303** (0.064) 0.025 7821 0.411** (0.075) 0.029 7821 0.412** (0.075) 0.030 7821 (ref. age 50+) Salary less than $40K Salary $40k - $60K (ref. salary $60k+) academic academic*11+ yrs experience other Washtenaw cty Other Michigan (ref. ann arbor) union experience 2-3 years experience 4-5 years experience 6-7 years experience 8-9 years experience 10-11 years experience 11+ years (a start date before POS) (ref. employee 1yr or less) y03 Pseudo R-square N Table 4. Plan Enrollment by New Employees+ HMO A 40.9% POS 32.6% HMO B 5.2% Indemnity A 11.6% Indemnity B 9.7% +An employee is new if their start date is on or after Jan 1, 2002 Table 5. Logit Results - specification check using 2004 data Sample workers with individual coverage in HMO A or POS Dep Var female age 18-29 age 30-39 age 40-49 In dominated plan? (1=yes, 0=no) (1) -0.228** (0.063) 0.348** (0.104) 0.364** (0.091) 0.212* (0.085) (2) -0.239** (0.064) 0.352** (0.104) 0.334** (0.091) 0.187* (0.086) (3) -0.179** (0.066) 0.320** (0.106) 0.334** (0.092) 0.200* (0.085) (4) -0.190** (0.066) 0.324** (0.106) 0.305** (0.092) 0.175* (0.086) 0.723** (0.098) 0.487** (0.099) 0.718** (0.097) 0.470** (0.099) 0.716** (0.098) 0.480** (0.099) 0.712** (0.097) 0.464** (0.099) -0.421** (0.106) -0.426** (0.105) 0.195* (0.080) 0.012 (0.070) -0.211+ (0.121) -0.726** (0.213) 0.189* (0.080) 0.011 (0.070) 0.197* (0.080) 0.025 (0.070) -0.217+ (0.120) -0.722** (0.212) 0.191* (0.080) 0.024 (0.070) 0.104 (0.080) 0.121 (0.107) 0.068 (0.119) 0.432** (0.148) 0.500** (0.156) 0.688** (0.180) 0.510** (0.111) 0.089 (0.081) 0.119 (0.106) 0.069 (0.118) 0.423** (0.147) 0.492** (0.155) 0.672** (0.178) 0.592** (0.113) 0.107 (0.081) 0.114 (0.107) 0.062 (0.119) 0.434** (0.148) 0.493** (0.157) 0.680** (0.180) 0.502** (0.111) 0.092 (0.081) 0.113 (0.106) 0.063 (0.119) 0.425** (0.147) 0.484** (0.155) 0.664** (0.178) 0.584** (0.113) -0.069 (0.084) -0.228** (0.085) -0.226** (0.087) -0.066 (0.084) -0.226** (0.085) -0.222* (0.087) 0.485** (0.101) 0.034 4955 0.488** (0.100) 0.036 4955 (ref. age 50+) Salary less than $40K Salary $40k - $60K (ref. salary $60k+) academic academic*b4pos other Washtenaw cty Other Michigan (ref. ann arbor) union experience 2-3 years experience 4-5 years experience 6-7 years experience 8-9 years experience 10-11 years experience 11+ years (a start date before POS) 2004 pharma spending low medium high (ref. spending = $0) y03 Pseudo R-square N 0.495** (0.101) 0.033 4955 0.498** (0.100) 0.034 4955 Table 6. Which plans to individuals switch in to? Switching from: HMO A POS n 112 58 Switch into: HMO A POS 42.0% HMO B 5.4% Indemnity A 11.6% Indemnity B 5.4% Other* 35.7% *Other = waive coverage or HMO C 20.7% 8.6% 25.9% 6.9% 37.9% Table 7. Characteristics of Switchers - Logit results Depvar Did you switch (1=yes) (1) in dominated plan female -0.101 (0.120) 0.136 (0.122) -0.226 (0.193) -0.072 (0.171) -0.039 (0.161) -0.729** (0.236) -0.130 (0.143) 0.036** (0.013) -0.249 (0.193) -0.075 (0.171) -0.040 (0.161) 0.137 (0.184) -0.076 (0.191) 0.141 (0.185) -0.065 (0.191) 0.468** (0.177) 0.058 (0.154) 0.155 (0.131) 0.446* (0.178) 0.044 (0.154) 0.146 (0.131) -0.154 (0.160) -0.609** (0.213) -0.333 (0.242) -0.488+ (0.266) -0.504 (0.307) -0.860** (0.188) -0.162 (0.160) -0.612** (0.213) -0.347 (0.243) -0.496+ (0.266) -0.530+ (0.308) -0.878** (0.189) dominated*female age 18-29 age 30-39 age 40-49 (2) (ref. age 50+) Salary less than $40K Salary $40k - $60K (ref. salary $60k+) academic other Washtenaw cty Other Michigan (ref. ann arbor) experience 2-3 years experience 4-5 years experience 6-7 years experience 8-9 years experience 10-11 years experience 11+ years (a start date before POS) (ref. experience 1 year or less) Pseudo R-square N 0.016 7045 0.020 7045