Chapter 10 Final Report (with Solutions)

Final Report 1. Structural isomers are compounds that have a. the same elemental composition, but the atoms are linked in different ways. b. have identical structures, but contain different isotopes of the same elements. c. the same physical properties, but different chemical properties. d. two or more resonance structures. 2. Optical isomers have a. double bonded carbon atoms with either cis or trans functional groups. b. nonsuperimposable mirror images. c. only sp2 or sp hybridized central atoms. d. identical structures, but different physical properties (such as melting and boiling points). 3. Which one of the following statements concerning isomers is INCORRECT? a. Pairs of nonsuperimposable molecules are called enantiomers. b. Two types of stereoisomers exist: geometric isomers and structural isomers. c. Optical isomers rotate polarized light in opposite directions. d. Structural isomers have the same composition, but the atoms are linked in different ways. 4. For which one of the following molecules do geometric isomers exist? a. BrHC=CHCl b. H2C=CCl2 c. ClH2CCH2Br d. H3CCH2Cl 5. Which of the following molecules may be a cycloalkene? b. C4H8 c. C6H10 a. C5H10 C5H12 d. 6. What is the name of the following compound? a. b. 3‐methyl‐4‐propylbutane 2,4‐dimethyloctane c. d. 1,1,3‐trimethylpentane 2,4‐dimethylhexane c. cyclohexane 7. What is the name of the following compound? a. hexane b. cyclobenzene d. cyclohexene 8. Which one of the following hydrocarbons has cis and trans isomers? a. 2‐ethylbutane b. 2‐methylpropene c. 2‐butene d. 1‐pentene 9. What is the name of the following compound? a. b. cis‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐butadiene trans‐1,3‐pentadiene c. d. cis‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐butene trans‐acetylene 10. What is the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of 2‐methyl‐1‐butene? a. C4H8(g) + 6 O2(g)  4 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(™) b. 2 C5H10(g) + 15 O2(g)  10 CO2(g) + 10 H2O(™ ) c. C5H12(g) + 13 O2(g)  5 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O(™ ) d. C6H12(g) + 9 O2(g)  6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(™) 11. What is the product of the addition of HCl to ethylene? a. chloroethylene c. chloroethane b. 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethylene d. 1,2‐dichloroethane 12. Identify the product(s) of the hydrogenation of cis‐2‐hexene. a. carbon dioxide and water c. 2‐hydroxyhexane b. 2,3‐dihydroxyhexane d. hexane 13. How many structures (i.e., unique isomers) exist for dichlorobenzene? a. 6 b. 4 c. 2 d. 3 14. Which of the structures below has the common name m‐dichlorobenzene (where m‐ is meta)? a. c. b. d. 15. What is the name of the following benzene derivative? a. b. 5‐bromoanaline 3‐bromobenzoic acid c. d. 1‐acetate‐3‐bromobenzene 5‐bromobenzoic acid 16. What is the name of the following benzene derivative? a. naphthalene b. aniline c. toluene d. 1,2‐dibenzene 17. Which of the following statements concerning hydrocarbons is/are CORRECT? 1. Coal is a source of many aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. The primary components of petroleum (prior to refining) are alkenes and alkynes. 3. Reactions of hydrocarbons with oxygen generally yield carbon dioxide and water. a. b. 1 only 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 3 e. 1, 2, and 3 18. Which of the following chemical equations depicts an alkylation reaction? a. CH3CH2OH(™) + 3 O2(g)  2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(™ ) b. C6H12(™ )  C6H10(™ ) + H2(g) c. C2H2(g) + H2(g)  C2H4(g) d. C6H6(™) + CH3Br(™)  C6H5CH3(™) + HBr(g) 19. Formulas for derivatives of hydrocarbons may be written as RX, where R is a hydrocarbon lacking a hydrogen atom and X is a functional group. Which of the following formulas represents an ether? d. ROR' a. ROH b. RCHO c. RCO2R' 20. Which functional group does not contain a double bond to an oxygen atom? a. ketone b. amide c. alcohol d. aldehyde 21. Which of the following alcohols is likely to be least soluble in water? a. methanol c. 1,2,3‐propanetriol b. 3‐pentanol d. 2‐butanol 22. Which one of the following functional groups is a base? a. amine b. carboxylic acid c. ether d. aldehyde 23. The functional group RCO2R' is characteristic of a(n) ____. a. aldehyde b. ester c. amide d. ketone 24. The carbonyl group occurs in molecules with all of the following functional groups EXCEPT ____. a. ethers b. amides c. ketones d. esters 25. Which of the following compounds might be used to oxidize an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid? a. NaH b. K2Cr2O7 c. H2 d. Na 26. What is the product of the reduction of propanal with sodium borohydride? a. 2‐propanol b. acetone c. 1‐propanol d. propane 27. What is the name of the product of the reaction that occurs when a mixture of ethanol and butanoic acid is heated in the presence of acid? a. 2‐ethylbutanol b. butyl ethanoate c. 2‐ethylbutanal d. ethyl butanoate 28. An amine reacts with a(n) ____ to form an amide. a. ester b. aldehyde c. carboxylic acid d. ether 29. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a. Thermoplastics soften and flow when they are heated and harden when they are cooled. b. Elastomers are materials that spring back to their original shape when stretched. c. A condensation reaction involves reacting two monomers and splitting out a small molecule, often water. d. Polymers formed from two or more different monomers are called addition polymers. 30. The process by which long chain hydrocarbons in petroleum are shortened is called ________. 31. Hydrolysis of fats and oils in the presence of a strong base produces glycerol and the salts of fatty acids. The name for this reaction is ________, which means "soap making." 32. In vulcanized rubber, the polymer chains of natural rubber are cross‐linked with sulfur atoms. The polymer chains stretch when stressed, but they return to their original shape when the stress is removed. Substances that behave this way are called ________. 33. Examples of structural ________ are ethanol and dimethyl ether. 34. A peptide bond is the amide linkage that is formed in a condensation reaction involving the __________ group of one amino acid with the carboxylic acid group of a second amino acid. 35. Draw Lewis structures for all possible isomers of C3H6O. 36. The molecule 2‐chloro‐4‐methylhexane is made by addition of HCl to an alkene. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 37. Amino acids polymerize in condensation reactions that result in the formation of an amide linkage (or peptide bond) between amino acid molecules. What dipeptide(s) may be formed in the reaction of glycine with phenylalanine? a. b. 1 only 2 only c. 3 only d. 4 only e. 1 and 4 Answer Section 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. ANS: A ANS: B ANS: B ANS: A ANS: C ANS: D ANS: C ANS: C ANS: B ANS: B ANS: C ANS: D ANS: D ANS: C ANS: B ANS: A ANS: D ANS: D ANS: D ANS: C ANS: B ANS: A ANS: B ANS: A ANS: B ANS: C ANS: D ANS: C ANS: D ANS: cracking ANS: saponification ANS: elastomers ANS: isomers ANS: amine 35. ANS: 36. ANS: 37. ANS: E