Phaeophyta - Academic Notes

pand ((PHAEOPHYTA) Systematic Asition Division. coreomophyter 2 Clay braeophyceae amoden. Dictry tales Family fucaceae Genys- Focus Genome changsterlitters) →phaeophyta are the most complex forms of algae. The cell wall's ane omposed of cellulose and arginic acid (a complex polysaccharide). unlike green argue a عال jack true Starch. → The food reserve contain Segure, highed alcohol and after complex forums off polysacedarides. → The members of phaeophyta belonging kelps -the only algune cofth a ane called to Laminaretes fad ane called significant internas tissue differentia. →Thouger truve conductive tissues Rike xylem and throom ane. keips show Some sort of conductive tissues. absent, sinican to othere evolved argar species, nepoduction of these argae takes place by both sexual and asexual means. → Highers phacophyta Lewe life cyere consisting of both haploid & depistof steges, neferred to as an arteanation of generation. The thallus represently hapioll stage and dipold Stage may be similare (somorphic) on different (hetero moreplile). ECTOCARPUS Systematic position: Division-phacophyta Indes Ectocarpaces family- Ectocanparene breaks Ectocarpus. Ectocampus & a primithe merrine brown auga distributed all over the wined preffering the corder neylong •Haseven fees species arce epiphytes, eridoxale on endophy the for nature. The plant body ya branched finmentous heterotrichous anganization wh lowers pristesate system and eneet branched filamentous structures. → prostrande system y perralles to substante, indregurarely labed, attached to Substratum by chicza → the enect efftem & a ficamenteus breinched structure choose appea portion terminates fito hapre The cells In the eneet system briancheg Structure and ane arnargad basne menstem. the bounch goous by bant to form or umisenian Generalny dipioid there are game to phytle, thall and Spormophytiefore thol are morphologigally same. but both arro → the garentoply the thalls y Plumiloculan gamentagia. characterized by the presence of →cchere as the sporophytic thallus & characterized by the presence of ontlocular Sporcmangla anel pluriloculare Sposangia. → cells are uninucreate Small, cylindricas (on rrectangular oft banne Shaped. → The cell wiell y three layered pro pectocelluloste nature. The Chreorraste phores ane dire shaped on nibbon like and golden brown in colour. → chromatophorses contarly photosynthetic lame llave made poof groups of three thylakoide. → Chomplastic endoplasmic reticulum membrane & present. Pyrenoids ane single and starked ponjecting type. A brown caroknopod pigment freaxanthin y found in the plastids cuong with chia, chic, carotens and xanthoplynt. Growth of the thalles y apical in prastante System. The erect on intercalary or basal branches grow due to enteropical menisutn. Repsodietfon As Hinee mabeds vegetative, asexual ans fecunt methody nepandafon. ane found to the atives vegetative reproduction occurs by fragmentation of I wegetative prostende afwer of enveel Ainment; torsouge formation of Propagules and by akhetes. 2. Aservas Repratuction most of the brown aigue neporodine asexually except fucales. Asexual reprociction access thrrough onilocular and Plurilocokan sporangia albich arce borne on the diploid Mallus. →→Such Spone producing Sporcangia c ane not fand in geime to ply the fe thallus. (a) eniloculan sesangia) It develops from the diploid sposopfestes. It ya single cened, be like, spherical Struckre. Resduction division occurs to the ces chore the diploff nucleus divides to forem four haploid nucre? each of which firither divides mitathaly to foren lange number. of haploid nucier. →Cleowage -bakes place in Zoomeraspores ane formed عباد Sporangiers and many eninucleate haploid each of atisch develop to new haploid plant. → Sometimes the maduction division result in formation of non motile aplanospores orn terraspores plurilocular Sporangias They →They are multicellulan, diploid fo nature. are borene on Sporophyte thallos. each produce a singie zoospore. which are →The pluni loculoire Spreincangia like struedire in gametophytfe thans tere Plunciloculare gametangla that provees gatheters).. →→Rach xoospore bifeagallated, ominucreate, diproid, Pyret form with Conbonetile varude, eyespot and chromatoplane. → The zoospore geremmates to a diploid thallus. 3. Secure Reproduction Sexumerceproduction in mast brown augere exrept Fucares y a function of the haplofof hallus. → The sexual reproduction & Togamous type and is some case anisogany y fard- → Gametes ane produced fearige, Hongated conical sexorgans partitioned into many number of cells ting known as plurilocularen Jametangia. →Bach plunioculare gametargim develops from the laterne broonchiet which y Infinted. It distes by many of trantrive divisions followed division to forem Severae Cutical cells. by many many ventica →The protoplast of each cell gives rise to one urinucreate bi flagellates/ pyrifurim gamete simpiare in structure to zoospore. ane either Simi care or →The gametes an Singhtly anisogametes being monphologically Rume. Fusion octuns between similare gametes commång BE-Sticulosus off different folants. dioecious and fusion occurs between anisegameked. The male aneks make a austere around the motionless on sluggish female gamete, with draw fongella and fuse. from some (→E. Secundus Sliaus prominent anisogamy. Aftere fusion a zygate. y farmed ulitch & the frut Sporophyfic Strucdere. The sporopluytes: The zygote gormhate without meio-ffa division giving rise to a fponphyfic diploid plant body. The Sporophyte produces grilocular Sporangia and pluntiacutur Sporangia by give rise to zoo. game to plyte Pan Zoosperas. proolixas Zoos peres. cnicoculoare Sporragia • meiospore by melast's which developed to haplopid whereas plutitocutare Sperany la reporodice many diploid Zoomeiospores that develop to Sporophytes pand half Alternation of generation → In the siffe history of Ectocarpus Species, two types of morphosagi- cally similare plant bodies are found- 1- one ya haploid gametophyte and the affhere y diploid Sporophyte. a →The haplond gametophyte produces gametes which fise to forem Zygote-thout developes a ytic plant Sporophytic →The Sporoplyafe plant produce entlocusare sporangia clict produces zoome to Spores (6) and give rise to hapioid plant. However, the Sporophyte produces plurcitoculare Sperangia that forem many diploid xoxspores which prodvere fpe Sporophyte. om the life cylte a haploid gametophyte have equal duration and and dipioid sporophyte di importance. →Since they ane Completion of menpluragically sanitare and alternate Tithe of cycre, the life yere & called as haplo-diplontic life cyne and the alten nation of generation & caved as isomorphite alternation of generention. Zeespere (Asexua Pluni locular Sposargia Ectocampes Sporophyte (2n) Distoid phase enilocular sporangia (20) ↓ meiasts batan.19 8.8.19 zygote (20) Inploid phos 200melospores (0) Estocampus gametophytic Plant (0) Rectilization barnetes (n) Gametes (n) Plutcileculare gamentog pa