Principle and Rules of ICN

Principe and Rules of ICN Ients Indere national Code of Nomenclatore for auge, fingi and plant. ICEN: Internationale code of Botantae momencature ICZN: International Code of 200 logical Nomenclatere. CNCP: Internationde cade of Nomenclature for Cultivated plants. Principle of Intercreation code of Nomenonciature of augere, fingi and Plant mat on 69 notes Itisan international code on world flora. The naming of deed foo dusiting plant are following recccording the name of to the Ruteof Iens after its estabitshment. The ICON onmydeary wither and Controu to the naming of Plants but dovanot do any work on taxonomy. The head office of OICBN is situated at Atrech in the Netherlands. It has three depentments namely, principles, meres & provisiong For the governance of the code. Principle: There are six principle of ICNOR ICBN which ajate philosophical basis of the code and helpthe taxonomist who attempt to amend andeliberate on the suggestion for modification of the code. poinciple 18- Botanical nomenclature is independent of 200logical & Principle 2 bacteriologinae nomenclature. - The application of names of taxonomie groups is determin by means of nomenclatural type. determined principle 8: The nomenclature of a torronomic group is based on upen Priorcity of publication. Principle 4:- Each toxonomic group catha per pasticallan circumscriptim name, Pasulest that is in accordance with the Roud hovere th in specified cases. Principles scientific names of taxonomic groups one treated as ess of their derivation. Latin regardless Principle 6: The rules of nomenclature are retroauive uniess expressly limited. Rues and wecommendation of lenior Recommendation of Icnior ICON; jane the Rures & Forowing are 1. Rank of tara: The ICON provides the Series of monk with name which are the hierarchial catagories. The ranks, Provided by the code ane shown in the followin Taxonomic Rantes and mode of ending! Folkwing in de a ending sequence Rank mode of ending Example kingdom -ae Plantae Divisim -Phyta magnoliophyta Liliopsida, Class -Opsida magnoliopsida Llliases, magnoliales Ordere family -ales Llilacear, Magnilarme Genus -aceae Pinus, Lilium, magnesia Speves depends Oryza Sativa variety 2. The type malbond its Names are established by reference to a nomenclatirme type Taxonomists use the type method as a legar device to provide the corset fupe for a taxon. The nomenclatural type of a species is type freciem, is a Single Speeph speciesmen on the plants on on a single herbarium sheepgee Type specimen Chercbanion sheet) is of differnt type: such as: (a) Holotype: single specimon, maybe whale plant or a part of it with which the name of the toxon ison corny pearmanently attached, is known al holotyre (b) Iso-type: This is a duplicat of the holofgre also known as cot type. Fragmente from the Same Plant Prere which the Holotype is made on plants with lame freeal number ane, Isotype. (5) paratype Specimen other than houtype and isutype is called parrotype. The Specimen may bears a different field numbere as it is collected from different localities by different collectors. (4) syntype - the specimen ahich is the basis of necutaron aben no hilotype is designedated by author is known as Syntype. From afferent toraliting It authar studies collection and by different conectors and decides to Establish a new species, labels berme syntyre. all of them as types, all these specimen (e) lactotypeof is type chosen to serve as Holotype, aben either an earules designated holotype coas lost or destroyed one Holotype was prove never designated and from the Isortype, partype of syntype a Specimen is chosen by a Specite list to serve custhe type. Neotype of holotype, Icotype, para-type or syntype are last on nat available a Neotype is selected forong other specimens, to serve as type. Some taxonomists coul it Standor Specimen. im (9) Topo types when no original maternicie 's available onda sperimen is callected from type locality is chosen to serve as type, it's conect topokyre. (h) epitype- Specimen is sovected to serve as an interpretive type when the how type, lectotype, Neo type ete. covid not affectively be identified to nome the taxon it is called Epitype. 3. Aue of Priority:- In the case ofa family or adiren below the rank ofa familly earulest legitimate name should be taken as correct). vatid (or correct This suggests the names appearring in Linnaeu's Species pantarem are the Baulest rames For the perpose of consideration the Rule of priority: Aose pubished carviers are not to of be giver priority. 4. Elfectivity and valid publications pobiliation is con important aspects in nomenclatures. The names of taxa must meet the requirement of the code chenit is nie Pobrichest. It is effective under this cade only when distribution of printed is. Performed property. 91 should be effectively published sie ina journal commonly avail to botanists and not in of local newspaper on inany other printed Forcen. It should be published in a correct form de Lalinized with rank indicated and with Latin description (maybe in brief). -mone detailed description is given in vernaculare longunge, for the fara of the rank of gehus and beurs nomenclature type must the indicated and Location of the tyre also indicated. If the names are published effectivey &, vacid Using the roles of Icent then the names are legitithare otherwise they base Pii legitimate. The name of the nowry resin bel tavenis Usunny Pridicited by The Morsportes now) genal nov (game genius novion) woods 5. Clation of Author's Name: The botanice name is incomplete coithout cauthor's name According to anticue 46 it is Prot validey published the name! eite the name of Single auther clation: aben single authoris thvorved in naming the plant. author's name is too long should be abbreviated 2-e Solanum nigrum, L-L Forz carolus Linnaeus. Double author ciations when more than one author is invaved. of those authers is differend money in different condition." • ellers merce than three authors are involved is restricted to fast author followed el.ae. by et 6. Conserved name (Nomina Conservanda): Some of the plents names of kra ane nos faibued the rule of ICBN but they are using since a long time has decided to retain the popular to laddition to hence Icron has rame. vould 7. Rejection name:- Aname amb can be rejected in different condition, A nomme is rejected if it is used in different conses and for chien rueason has becomesa sarve of earos. Aname is to be rejected It is based on a type consisting of two or more entirely discordant elements monstrosity if is is e ons subjected If a name is based on a monstro- to rejection. milypiliyation Typillation is a methodology by which a certain representives of the group is the sarsce of the name foror the group. as nomenclaturece type. This is also The nomenclateral type of aspectes is known as a type specimen schien's a single sperimen or the plants on a single heubanom sheet. -mentioned the type specim se Holotype, to pommige lipitype. For the propose typification, a specimen may exist in the firm of gathering ora parct of gathering, of a singe species of introspecific one time. A Specimen exists usmany fixed eitheron Inan equivalent prepartation. 91 microscop silde a singe herbarium sheet or may be box, packet, Jar of Generally type specimens with identification name of taxa are Preserved permanently. Living Plants or cultures are not porpose of y considered for the pers O Culture can be treated as type.t is now essential to designated a holotype alien publishing a a new species The holotype shoud institution and Kanvany be hep kept in a permanent henbanim sheet of conserved properly. publication thendme 9, 1958 of the ndime fa on or of teve Onew taxes on the rank on bellew is valid when the type of name is indicated publication of o name of a new troon of genos of or below after Janomy's 1990 should carry either the word "typus or holotypus. Forsther the two new identified specimen or inpublished illustratin, herban and the prace of the pre conservatim must be notifed publication als rames en ar but in after January 1, 2007 requires Fand Fing Specimen type case of microscopic type algae is technically difficult, inthat accepted astin abere Hans Generally, a. Species consists of two parts -gmescle and specifre epithet. A species names becomes complete, accutoare and voule when the naveg of the author on authors (who first published) name is associated. The rames of authors are FG.Bentham, commonly abbrevicated se L. Forn comoles Linnaeus, Benth Harik Por william Hooker, Hook. F. for Sire 3. O Hockey (p. stands for filious, the son of william Hooker), R.Br for Robert Bonicon, Lam Foy 3. P. Lamarek, De De for de condone and so on. -The me names of authors are never undervind vitex trifolia Linn, vitex tri fong the an author name is attached & beames easy to en typed in Plasies, e vare, Simplici Felia en cham uben to the species at the ond in aburroviation. identify the detales of the species going through the author's clation. Sometimes names of two on mere, authors aruse with the name of a species. In such cases, there are ther notes for the multiple authors fuchas; when two authors are invotues ina new species and suggest a newname they mimey are tinked beet the Delphistem viscosure Hook fet them son (i) coven more than two cuuthers are Brassociated with proposing a now name jently, the clusion is noomony con fired to tud sinst authors and is forced by Ost al ()In naming a naminy a species, kos cuthors are invowed but the first author hay. proposta a Oname but could not fulfil que condition ods wand vastdry putari slied by the code but it was the Gezand author. Inthies cure, the authors Jointed be by ex the renasus dood connuta wall. ex Royle. ) Jba genus on taxon of lower rank is alteral in the prank ore positim, but retain its name on epithet, the name of the buither the fort first publishe the name on epithet batimaye (basionym) ms must be cited in parenthesis Fornaced by the name of the author who rettfect of the change. double citation, że leucaena parlatisiliqua (Linn.) Gillis (1979). Basionym: mimosa latisilique Linn. (4) In arme over "in" is used to join author îna publications, when a firest author published a new species oft name ina publication of another authes, two authors ame linked after 'in', e Canex kasmirensis claskein Hook the species by in', Iwer use of emond takes place place to link two authors (emendavit; Person the correction) The finest author identifies dauthor Second afpecimen & the makes Sane changes during diagnosis or in verifica ofa taxtoy with out alterning the tyre, de phyllanthus Linn. emeng mull. (vt) spataron is of garden Origin, name of the Species carries "host" furomed ly ex and the author's name, zie Geanania dunklaris hort ex-Hook. - When naminget an Intruspeuific taxen, the authority is vited fo is ited for both spaific epithet anpindrentpecific epithet, die Acacia nilotica (Lion) Det-ssp Juodka (Benth) Bremain. But incase of an autunym, the intromspeutic epithet does not beaves the author's name as it is based on the same type as the Species 2e Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Del. ssp nilotica. A taven carry a name when te time Pure contaty requiements to betone a legitimate name, fore consideraкат eetthe for publicoction, or The name of a taxion is considered vaikel on effective when it is distributedina printed form to the general public of to batanists genermuly. Badanide institution with librant ay aceck Thre atleath The new name is not Oconsidered vaid. by Plaring of if communicated at a public meeti names in collections on gandens open itt public on the mperb film made from manuscripts, tyre scripts or other en published masterias Further, the name of a toxon ches published has to ful Fis sentary conditions Pos validity re (1) Feremutation - 9t should indicaute Sp. nov (Species nova) for a new species. (b) Comb, nov (Combination, nova) for the charge in the epi that of Pansionyet the roune of the onginae adauthor should hould be keptin (c) nam, που (Nomen novum) above when the originae name is Completely replaced. Latin diagnosis: alame of Noun Tan Basquid leave a Latin diagnosis 2e translation of all featines in Latin language. (hr) Typification:- Ablotype should be designated. The name of new taxan Is valid when the type of the name is mentelmed afton January 1 1, 1990. The name of the taxon where type is al speamen on unpubi had illustration, he & herbaniom must be specifies. de institution in whion the type is ampedus (iv) After January 1, 1996 the name of new faxon of fossil should be accompanied by a Latin on Englishal tescription of chariacter. (2) Ariticue names 32, 1-20 2.0M Tokyo Code (ICBN) is am amended as new paint and fing have to be masis tend to be validing published bafter Javany 1, 2002. The name of a tavom be accompanied by a that have been published on or after 1.1.1935 must by a Latin description or diagnosis on by a reference to diagnosis of the feetfectively published Latin description are * The name of a new taxim of the rank of family or below that, 3, is valid on has been published on on after 1.1.1958, is v nomenclatural type is mentioned along Only when its soned along with the name of the place store the type specimen is permetentif onserved. * Those, that have been published on or after 1.1 1953 ar vaild Only if there is a clear Blication of the rank of the faxon & whether it is a nad genos, new species or a new combination Rejection name In the process of sinee ning vald names, illegimate name ave not accepted because they donot obry regitimate name is ouro not rejected on a name is rejected due to any one or more anyone botanical nomenclature. A injustill manner. Omy a of the following res reasons. 1 . Tau-tonym: Botanical nomenclature does not avow toutonym (repetition of generic name) se malus malus. Repetition of specific epithet in in Intra Specific epithet doernot constitite taut tautory a. Nomen nudum (nom. nud): A taxon nomel without association of description is called nom nud. So the name with out description tispinferadion and bouton diagnosis ate is nejected are rejected. Proper 3. Latin diagnosis 1- The name is subjected to rejection athen it is not effectively published latin diagnosis. not property Formulated tacking typifiraction and withg 4. Later Psonym - Sometimes by coincidence two fame names, based en some types come independently at different times by different authors, the name of the earlier author stands among the "isorymes Exaropre, Baker (1992) and Christencon Aisophila kalbrengeri Os a laos indiperd polyppybished taxon substifire of A podophyla Baker (1991). Α. conym is mejected kibreergerci bring a later sony m 8. Latest homonym Botanical Code doesnot allow same name for otwo differen species (Harin), when two names Crop up It is called homonyms. Exciters published name is eaniter homonyms and that published latter Is Intres homonym. The cade nieject later homonyms. •Jujsshe was given Zizyphus Jujuba Lam, but Ptwas found to bea latten homonym of a mevated Species 2. Jujuba mill., 1766. The Lafer • rejected and wine Foult coay rene mauritiana Lam, 1789 renamef y xizyphus 6. Nomen superfivum &- A Superficiae published name illegimate and must be rejected. of indicates that cale the name is out of rule of 7. Nomen ambiqueim—sometimes, a name is misused by different authors in different senses, and persistent errors are produced. The Name is Subjected to rejection. 8. Nomen confusum in this care il becomes difficult to select a Histocedesy lectotype what it is Osobjected me to rejection. tae two or more con. conflicting Species fote 9. Nomen dubium (nom dub) when the placement of a taxen, is doubtful to which is should be placed prared, so the name of the farm is njected. 10. Name based on monostrosity: In some species occasion, a taxon Isramed after mene monstrofity. acropebling Lindl. cwas based on The species is now rem-name nem-named Fon example, the generic name monstrosity, So it was dropped. & m as para Phragmidium Caudalem (Lindi) Royle, 1896. There is no based on physikium natus (Lens) evi legitimate combination based on eristed. He made a petang v. natans Hasa in 1974. Specimen is now the recent basionym name, but his based The correct name on Others will be synonyms V. gigantea and v. asiatica will be knows by nomenclaturae Synonyme or homo typic synonyms V. gigantea and Ventia de taxendthe names based on Separate types. Such synonyms anel known as taxonomic synonyms or heterotypic Cynonyms. of principe 아쉬 Limitation of Principle of priority: Fonowing are some Limitation (i) starcting dates The principle of priority came to existance aftere pubrication of species planterury of Linnar Linnaeus, ter ol 06-1753. This is carred as the starcting date. From this date other plants groups are considered and published The publication before these dates For Species groupane ontsteld. onty epito Family an Camily sarks Thi principe dove ned apply overr () The connect name chivit not be outside the rank only when a correct name intue taxon is not availatue, a combination with others rank () The application of principles. of perionity result in numerous Name changes to avoid is a list of consensual generic and family names with Acharges. suhornina published the cafe m such Momina Conservanda (non cons) ane Hobe used as comedet rame replacing cartier legitimate namie preepladiny eandien ontesto 176banig stop, radom is the conserung genus as against Sesban adam 1763 and Agati adam tres Names of brides Hybridste by adding the species on a multiplication sign befor an prenije "notho to the rank of the tiplication maybe of nothogen us and #nothospecies. xen The The hybrits The hybrid between bep Species is ex prested by putting a risoss between the species which is laced as hybrid fecrmula as given below!. (1) Salix aunita x S. caprea Agrostis polypogon (h) Agrostis Stenolifera X poly payon monspesiensis -There are conλείη τωνες Formula: regarding showing | the position of species in a hybrid (a) species in a fermula are put in alphabetical andes. (b) Generreily in the cross, the female panent is kept first on the Symbol's fore sex 10: Female and o"; male) maybe ndationen menalened in pois the species. (4) If the sequence is not forowed, the resons should be mentioned. be on intongenerie an Interspecific Shabente may speciesen specific the intes en hybride, two But in case of belong to the same genus. Inten generic event, two differens Og fi birany name to signal to the interspecific hylond genera are invived on not hespectes by for example befive the specific epithet Rosa Chinensis x R giganter - (ⅱ) sallyx capruola, is derived from Sarixe autida x S. caprea -The variants of intern Speutic hybrids are named as notho Cubspecies and notho varities gils to be noted that in binomial intergenente Cross is pus before the sporfic epithet. In in tengeneric cross, the name of the hybrid forsens the sove men metion of below! A Cross is made betimen genera Tritium & Secale (Tritiumy Serare) which produce Intergeneric hybride, named as X Izilicosecare and in case x Andropogon it is Agrostis x polypogen •Famille above hybrids, is indoates that these hybride are in condensed formina ahere the first pard off one pamental genug and last pand of the another genus ane Combined is put before the geneste name of the hybride. A CTO es sign Sometimes the Cheryonerile naming Preludes fous of more genera to posodice an inser generic hybride. The hybrid carried across before it and its name should not be mare than Sign immidinteay eigat Syllabies Ex! The condensed formula xpotinarea is a products of genera, de Brassavolax cattleya Laveria Sophronitis In this case the hybride genus ends with alla Caname of the percers who produce the hybride on Go (i) when the notte ganik name is formed out of 3 geneza, the name does not Contain more the than thaigenen iste of we eight Syllabing that • first paint on one followed by the whole of any pantof the second & and followed by while os 19kt part of third One, or two ramecting vowers Ex. A nathogeneral hybrid of 3 genem is x Sophrolaeliocattleya dne and and, optionally denni Wed from (Sophronitis lapia x #on intergonetic hybrid, a x Calliega) Croase is put before the generic name. * Two Species Inverned in a graft ze Hroiscus Rosa-sinensis + and 20 ane demarcated by plus sign H. Eyniarust 11