Unit 1: Reproductive Biology

UNIT-1 Embryology is the breaunch of biology, which deals with the development of gamets, feretllization of gamets (mène & Female) & a develop. •ment of embryo. -Aristotle is known as fathere of embryology. Von Babere is known as the fathere of modern embryology. Contribution as G.B.-Amici (Tiovanni Battista Amici was aun Helion Astronomere, naturcalist & a mathemat Acany. He was boren modena in 1786. * He is well known fore the field of optical instrou- -ment. Using his own self-designed microspore with resolving power plant morephile, he explained the Phenomehons of plant morephology, histology, embryology, and fertilization phenomena. * He auso used many technics of immersion micro- scope to study developmental process. * He known as the first person, He observe the path of pollen tube The streaming movement of protoplasm in chara vulgarcis was studied by him, where he pointed the rrising and desending flow of Huids in the picotoplasm). Fure there he contributed to the knowledge of circcs- ation of sap in plants along with discovercy of paris- ade along with parcenchyman Leag The path of pollen grain movements in pollen tube of the path plant porctulaca oleracea was observed by Amici in 18:50 *He explain for the firest time that the pollen tube elongates slowly within style and ultimately reaches ovule through stigma. The studies wherce congermed by Robert brown, schleiden in 1837 Amici also explained some of the views of schleiden in pumpkin plant (cисиньытареро). Lastly Amici presented a comprrency account of process of fertilization in orchid from pollination till the development of gull embryo. Contribution of IN. Hofmeister Wilhelm Friedrich Benedikt Hofmeister was a Gereman botanist/biologist in the field of afterenation of generation as a general principle in plant lige. * He was boren in 1824 and püblished his first mono- graph on the afternation of generation in plants in. 1851 *Hofmeistere by 'during dissection provided the infor -mation that the pollen tube and egg are both rees- -ponsible of embryo development... * He pointed out that the plants has two independent forems like gametophyte and sporcophyte. The gametophyte produce gamets & the sporophyte produce sporres upon cell ciaison division. *He studied the process of germination in several mosses and gerens, analyzing a detailed account of arcchegonium and anthertzoids. *He also put forcweered the ontogenesis process of plants. He wrote a book" book botanik". Handbuch Dere physiologishien. * Wherce the detail the general morphological plants, position of real etc. He also said that tissue tension is created in response to stimulus in the plant epidermis and explained the phenomenon of sap movement. *Holmeistern exprained the effects of gavity, light.. •and penetration of parcasites into the host plants.. *He discovered the fliest time the chromosomes in dividing pollen mothere cell of tradescantia. *He was a pronere to the science of comparcative plant morphology. Contreibution of Estrasburger Eduared streasburgere was a plant blo- -logist boren in 1844 in poland. He his the first scientist who provided information embryo sad in gymnosperem and Angijos perem... He is being given the ercedit of discovere of... double gertilization, which consists of syngamy &.. treiple fusion in Angiosperem plant He coined the term cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. In relation to embryogenesis, the formation of nuclear spindle and its path in conifere plants and also wherce identified by him. * Most of the work he concentration on the division of cells, nuciens, hercedity and genetics In phenorcogams, the role of nucleus in gerctilization was explained by him. strong principle re education * He belived on a strong through science, Hence some times called the goun- -dere, of moderen plant cell biology. *He also contributed to kariyo- ketnesis, cytokinesis, cytoplasmic streaming. movements. In algae and other plant species, some time he studied on the growth of pollen tube into the embryp by synthesis synergids sac and guidance of the tube by He raised many question about plant cell biology süch as sticucturce and gunction of plasmadesmata. în relation to pholem loading and signaling pathocays. *He lastry studied the movement of sap in treees. physiology of plants and cytology.. He wrotes several books Like Das, botanische practicum. He was honoured with several awards like... -Linnean medal, darriwin wallace medal He died in the year 1912 in Germany Contribution of 5.G. Nawaschin Sergel Gavrilovich Navaschin boren in 1857 in Russia. From the beging he starcted his carrier to teach Anticaduction to taxonomy of the fungus, embryology, "onycology, prant physiology. Most of the research work was concentrated on merephology and taxonomy of moss and parasitic Jungus. He worked on severcal jungal species including in systematics, the host pourasitic Relationship, division af nucleus and Jungal systematic were studied by by him. Double Fertilization litium and greitillaria ovules were first reported by Nawaschin. Double Fertilization involves two steps. The syngamy step involves the fusion of one mecle gomet with one gemale to produce a rygote (an). Triple Jusion involves the fusion. of anotherr, male gamet with two polcare nucleus to produce PEN (Prei- marey Endosporte Nucleus) which is triploid (3)) in nature. The last phage of the worck was concentreated on karyology. where he provide information on comparative analysis of cell division. tothe uxas elected as a member of different bodies. like russian accademy of science, Geremoen botanic- -al society ete. He was awcereded with a title of honourred Scientist of R.S.F.S.R in 1929. Contribution of P. Maheshwart Panchanan maneshwari was born in 1904 in Jaipur on, Rajastan. He is the scientist who contributed the majorn stu- -dies on reproductive biology of picents. - India became a famous in studies of embryo- of plants due to him. * Most of the worck is focoused on compercative emb -ryology of gymnasperem and angiosperm. Maheshwarci classified embryology into desertipter. Phylogenetic and expertimental aspects. The studied description of 82 samiles of plant... which mostly ecology , taxonomy 1 with, gicom structure development eund evolutionary aspects between. vircus reptiles fungus, mammous, eggs He published a book title introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperem He explain different plants it's taxonomy embryology * He metioned differcent plants it's taxonomy based on embryology...a He discoverced the presence of pseudoembreyo sac in podostemaceae. * He was honoured by diggercent bodies like inter -national botanicas congrrace, was elected as a Fellow in royou society of London. He preesented several Lectures on talks contrcol of fertilization inhibitico culture of overry &ovile & isocation & culturce of embriyo, nucleus, endosperm seed, anthere je studies were recorded in a famous book called embryology of Angiosperem * He died in the year 1966 Contribution of B.M. Johri. Brij mohan Johri was born in 1909 in U.P. He also contributed similar thoats as proposed by maheswarci on bembryology. His work was conc. on morphology, embryology taxonomy of aquatic families Alismatceae Butona- Johrui prepared a comprrency account of 4 species of cotton starcting grom pollination to the develop- -ment of embreyo He provided important information of a plan't eus- -cuter (parasite) which was removed from the gam -fly convolvulaceae. He was student of the Maheswarci, who was awar- ded by vere in the scheme of utilization of reetai- d. distingushed red Features. to He was the founder membere of international asso -ciation of plant tissue culture & biotechnology & awar ded sunderrial Horca medal for life time achivement. in botany. to He wrote book like experimental embryology of vascular plant. Embryology of Angiosperm etes your c e died in the year 200gram