Part 4: Rhodophyta

(Part-4) (RHODOPHYTA) Distinguishing characters of led Agaes) The Important features of the class are given below. →cnicelular and coloniae thatll ane mane in red agae groups. → most of the members have multicellulare macroscople by body that narges from filamentous thalles to ribbon like on plate like parcenchigma tous thary The thallus of ned algae Shows 2 basic plans onganization - of organization-cnicuriae a single axine filament without ahere the thalles ontalis a single contication, and multiaxial organization - where the body consists of a toff of arine ftraments. The centone flament with peripheral branches form the pseudo parenchymatous thallus. Fiagevated motfle structures totally absent to this group. ane to →The pigment composition includes - chi. 9, and dominant red pigment - phycoreythorin and in-plycolyanin. Otleri pigments polerent arie Xoanthopliglis, aupha and B-carotenes, allophycocyanin. chiosophyt b buy flame comant y absen't and is replaced by of Chiorophyll-d. chief food reserve y fionideaostarch, fronideside and mannoglycerate. → een call contains xylans, glycans in additionte peedily and cellulose. They may be calcified. by Cytoplastomic commection called split connection. vegetative cells ane Interconnected by chioroplast envelope y instaked. & lagened, no chioroplast Eronoftry lahosids ame →Sexuae reproduction y aduanned ougamous type. male Sex organs gametes ane called -spermatogania wlich produce male called spenmatia! carpogonia ane the female sex organ's. →past fertilization charges are very common tinteifs -ngia ane developed bearing Structure alitch prodvele carporpones. called Campasporophyte. group and Campaspron One Composporing Ra The →an heyear forms the terusporophyte y found the poroduced tetraspores. Due to the extension of life history by presence of compospora plyte and tedremspora physte, the life cycle y biphasic on triphasic. polysiphonia Systematte parition (According (Arending to initsch) Class Rhodophyceave Subetes fionidene ondere conamiases Family Rhodomelareae Genus- pongsephonia Triphasic fiplobiontic Life cycle. porysiphonia gene's represents the high level of thallus organization In red algae group with a tree phasic life cycbe. The members of the genus one In all Sex. 150 species ane exclusively known menhe attinging occurring and She comanary stutted speld are - P. placity campa, P. elongeta ete." Thalind and cell peppnin zafico → paysipleanta has a much branched filamentous thallus witch looks feathery and beautifull in appearance. Ansabery holdfast anchons the thallus to the Sitastontem. Fhamientos thallus in most species shows heteter trichous nakre with bodas prostante and encet vertical system. The basal prostrate System y the profusely branched branched chizoidal cell. They anise from the creeping filament of the prostrate system and Pt Crufts of a centrece mall axis from which many branches devsurp in reaction on Spirας, παηη επ contrece and tere long branshes cane poly siphonare ass atere as the shoret brenthes at the apicaul xone ane viisiphonaceous and ane calefas tricho beasts. → The main filament and the long branches constitute a System of a par fiaments-called as Siphons. The centrou axios filamente makes f Centerve siphon/Surrounded by vankable numbere of peripletsse filaments making the peripherae siphons for califch the thalles y polysiphanacious. → The apical regfors of the thallers contains a centroue siphon only → Due to equal size ob thallus looks like the cens and thelor regevare arrangements- having sated and fitorenades. its the → In many spectes, the peripherae siphon divides perfcrnkey and antcrinally to forema cortex. This i These cells form the corticae sipling. caned contication. fach cell y minuteate, erongated, cylindrical, connected with peripheral cols Peripheral cat's have a centroue varuore bandesf by tormoplast. → The chromato pliores lack Pyrenelds. ane discoid hshape, parristal In position and b →The pigments composition ficludes a phycorythrins, phycocyanins, Chloroply -19, dand & carcatenes, few Xanth phylls. Choroplyle by absent and chierophyll d'y porésent. Thallus grows by means ja dome shaped apical cell. of Lateral Inichoblasts originate from an axial coll 3-5 cells below the apicas Cell and gets separated by a diagonal wele auf became the trichoblast This hitface divites nepetendly to foren a treichoblast filament. cylles polysiphonta, neproudures by Sperre in pory Siphonia. methad Sexveu me thene y no arexuxe spore, ore motice → sexual reproduction & of cogamous type. In the sifecycre of poly siphonia theke kind of plant came free aynised. (a) Gametophytic plank body produces fex organ. (3) carpospornpluyte -Borine on gametophyte and diploid, produces corpuspres (4) Tetrasporoplyks hodependent flant body, produces haploid tetrosperres that grammate to gametapleytes. The gametophyte polysiphonia Gea heterothaltic on dioecious genes sexongane ane bonne en different plants. Di mave gametophyte The more Sex engans cane Caill as trichoblasts. Spermatangia. Spermantegia ane borone in trusting forming a compues cone shaped structure on thurit monokiphonous branch hear the apices of mare plant. The branches ane caned mave trichoblast → The mave trichoblast y fonkeof at the tip of whitch one side beans the Spermantangia and aken ford gives rise to sterile axis. →Eoch Speamadangium y a sphericas/oblong uni-cellulare Structure, white on pare in colour. It has a large the teens. O → The minucleate protopast of the Spermatangtong proderes a single mare cell called fermanto tim. Spermatta ane liberated througe nannous appear slits on spermoskargias (1) Eenace gamite plyte: The Fermocese plante beans the female sexomgans called campogonia. Each campogoplem & borene at the top of a shorit 2-5 con-ed carpogenice filament. →The campogonem & a Aasked thaped strictire with a swollen bated pontion drawn tito a long tubulan neck like strestore called as torichogane which yonry receptiere to fenstern, →The basel Saadion portion contains the nudeus. the compogonion y ennendeef by the bas de sterile filaments and At tul's Stage. The Carpogenium y ready fon fentivization. (ITD) Fertilization) Fertilization mecures inside Campogenitum attached to the Female plant by atsigle spermecting that enters shotaghitius denichangy A diploid zygatelytoncomed in the Canpagoniung to beyonthe more past fendisizulien, charges! Aften the fertillzation and formation of around the campogeniom that lead to Zygote severas Chounges Jakes place around the the development of a campos ponopligte. The so On the noticial side of the carspigonium. sopratting cells are presen → An ancillary cell dovevops from the supportingcely and simultaseasly the the bebet and laterme Sterile filaments inchensre their lengthy canel number off rell. of the suppon tigren just Auxillary cels y located anithe upper site of the Close to the basal portion of the swollen bove of cape pengetion. +4 Contains hapioir nacers and dove tupera tulasan connection with bate pintim of the Carepogonium." the diplold nocters of the can pogoniem divides mitetically of which one nemans in the carpogonium and the often y transported toke auxillary cell. The haploid nueters of the auxiliary cellodegontrated- the diploid nuerers of the curiiang cell divisthe witutit outg mitostitasny of rowths develops from auxlisland cells and one of nuchers enters foto this out growth whiten y Loule and is as gon! moblast initial, into twe diploid Jater Sepromated by a cross many gonimo blast fremend hitial are formed to thits coxy chien by drepeated divisions give relseito a ganimobingt filament whfen's diprod In nature. The terminal call of each gunimobust filament becomes surbillen and dang to a camposporangium.ulose Gentesty contents develops to a single dipicid carposporle. Doing this time ale calk like supporting cell, coxlinny cen, carpaymian besence and sterile filaments to forem ant Shaped cell called placentae cell. The entire diploid structurns consisting of placental cell, genimoblast filament, carpasporangia, carpospind get completely envncopeel ty by the vegetative filament to fe faum an ovat oval-shaped structure oiled Cythicamp. Its Svaneinding Sheath y cared penitang. →The diploid pands of the cyto camp represent the carposporolyte. By Corpesperophytesty the second thdividone ho life cyse of poly Siphonia. If remains attached to the female gametophytle, plant and is parasiticon ft. Ity protected by the pericarep that opens of the for. The carposporangia fool on tuo gentmohtasts which ane diploid. are Canpesporengia procure several diploid Donpesperes. Armaturity the penicanp with diploid Carpospores front on contexand carented aury. Germination Each canpespore after settling on a substredum give rise to a kiploid ponysiphonin plant body called as the tetra porophyte. The gereretnation Streits by toonswense divisions to form a ficament elke tonower pant gre rise to the chirnidae cen and upper part to flamentous pentions Sporophyte of a travessing dipuld porysiphania plant anul haứng Simivare structural, organizations of a gametoplytte plant. Structore develop kaeco-Sprangia from the penfpteπέται In the appeal neglon. of the pay sipurnous bronches, the tetrasporangie devemos tet omtre →Theniers (25) of the khrasporangiom divides by meiosis to form four haploid tetraspores In a deten bedane manners. mature teprospore cine (lberated trough the Sperangias are ruptunings. us →Tetonspire germinate onthe same way as empapample canpesperes st rise to haploid gametophytle plant and there! by give Completes the life Alteration of generations's The Rife cytre of paysiphania passes Arrougeh teroreve disserend individuae each representhey represen distinct phase 1) The gametophytic phase (0) responsible for gamete production. (4) can posporophyte y a dependent panasitic plant in the gametophyte and's dipiold, it produces Can posomes. (i) compospores give ridse to teras porophyte, a diploid structure which produces tetrasporangia in which meiosis occurs to ghe rifse tetraspores. The tera spore die haploid and develop to gametophyte agerh. ya diplobiontic life cylie an cytologicery && ya triphasic in nature. and morphologically cyto logically there are two diploid phase and one haplofof phase. If y themefort a diplo diplo haplontic life cyck.